Estimation systems and methods with model predictive control

An engine control system for a vehicle, comprising:

• a prediction module that generates predicted engine operating parameters for a set of possible target values as a function of:
• (i) a plurality of values indicative of states of the engine;
• and
• (ii) a first set of predetermined values set based on characteristics of the engine;
• a parameter estimation module that determines one or more estimated operating parameters of the vehicle as a function of:
• (i) the plurality of values indicative of states of the engine;
• and
• (ii) a second set of predetermined values;
• a cost module that determines a cost for the set of possible target values based on the predicted engine operating parameters;
• a selection module that, based on the cost, selects the set of possible target values from a group including the set of possible target values and N other sets of possible target values, wherein N is an integer greater than zero, and that sets target values based on the selected set of possible target values;
• and
• an actuator module that controls an engine actuator based on one of the target values.