# US 9,520,986 B2 · Method and appartus for exchanging data between devices operating at different clock rates

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- Number: US 9,520,986 B2
- Document ID: US9520986B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 12/454,153
- Filed: 2009-05-13
- Published: 2010-09-30
- Granted: 2016-12-13
- Earliest claimed: 2009-03-30
- Assignees: Coriant Operations, Inc.
- Applicants: John M. Golding
- Inventors: John M. Golding
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9520986B2

## CPC

- G06F 1/12: Synchronisation of different clock signals {provided by a plurality of clock generators}
- H03L 7/08: Details of the phase-locked loop
- H04L 7/0008: {Synchronisation information channels, e.g. clock distribution lines}
- H04L 7/10: Arrangements for initial synchronisation
- H04L 7/043: {Pseudo-noise [PN] codes variable during transmission (synchronisation of spread spectrum receivers H04B1/69)}
- G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N)
- H03L: AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES (generation of oscillations H03B)
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)

## Abstract

Source-synchronous communications between networked devices can be hindered by differing clock rates and data interface formats among the devices. By implementing a plurality of clock converters, a data interface format of a transmitting device is converted to a data interface format compatible with a receiving device. The clock converters provide a clock signal based on the source-synchronous data clock, and having a phase controlled with respect to an associated data signal. As a result, data exchange between devices operating at different clock rates is made possible.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An apparatus for converting a data interface format to enable data exchange between devices operating at different clock rates, the apparatus comprising:
a clock up-converter configured to derive an up-converted clock signal from a first clock signal at a first clock rate of a first device and to transmit the up-converted clock signal to a second device, the up-converted clock signal having a phase controlled with respect to a phase of an associated first data signal;
a clock down-converter configured to derive a down-converted clock signal from a second clock signal at a second clock rate of the second device and to transmit the down-converted clock signal to the first device, the down-converted clock signal having a phase controlled with respect to a phase of an associated second data signal, the second clock rate being different from the first clock rate; and
a controller configured to align the up-converted and down-converted clock signals with the associated first and second data signals at startup of the first and second devices by causing the devices to transmit alignment patterns and adjust phases of the derived up-converted and down-converted clock signals as a function of the alignment patterns.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to generate control signals to control the respective phases of the up-converted and down-converted clock signals based on relative phases of the first and second clock signals with respect to the associated first and second data signals.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to enable data output of the first and second devices associated with the first and second clock signals if alignment is achieved.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller, in an event of a failure to achieve alignment, is further configured to report the failure and maintain the first and second devices in a pre-determined state.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the alignment patterns are pseudorandom patterns.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to invert the phase of at least one of the up-converted and down-converted clock signals to align a leading or trailing edge with a feature of the respective associated first or second data signal.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the clock up-converter and the clock down-converter employs a phase-locked loop (PLL).

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the PLL employed by the clock up-converter includes a multiplier and the PLL employed by the clock down-converter includes a divider.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first device includes a double-data rate (DDR) interface, and the second device includes a single-data rate (SDR) interface.

### Claim 10

A method of converting a data interface format to enable data exchange between devices operating at different clock rates, the method comprising:
up-converting a first clock signal at a first clock rate from a first device to an up-converted clock signal, the up-converted clock signal having a phase controlled with respect to a phase of an associated first data signal;
down-converting a second clock signal at a second clock rate from a second device to a down-converted clock signal, the down-converted clock signal having a phase controlled with respect to a phase of an associated second data signal, the second clock rate being different from the first clock rate;
transmitting the up-converted and down-converted clock signals respectively to the second and first devices;
causing the first and second devices to transmit alignment patterns to align the up-converted and down-converted clock signals with the associated first and second data signals at startup of the first and second devices; and
adjusting phases of the up-converted and down-converted clock signals as a function of the alignment patterns.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, further comprising generating control signals to control the respective phases of the up-converted and down-converted clock signals based on relative phases of the first and second clock signals with respect to the associated first and second data signal.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, further comprising enabling data output of the first and second devices associated with the clock signals if alignment is achieved.

### Claim 13 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, further comprising, in an event of a failure to achieve alignment, reporting the failure and maintaining the first and second devices in a pre-determined state.

### Claim 14 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein the alignment patterns are pseudorandom patterns.

### Claim 15 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, further comprising inverting the phase of at least one of the up-converted and down-converted clock signals to align a leading or trailing edge with a feature of the respective associated first or second data signal.

### Claim 16 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein the up-converting and the down-converting include controlling a phase-locked loop (PLL).

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The method of claim 16, wherein up-converting the first clock signal includes multiplying the first clock signal, and down-converting the second clock signal includes dividing the second clock signal.

### Claim 18 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein the first device includes a double-data rate (DDR) interface, and the second device includes a single-data rate (SDR) interface.