# US 9,520,900 B2 · Convolutional interleaver having a plurality of delay portions

> Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt

- Number: US 9,520,900 B2
- Document ID: US9520900B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 14/780,223
- Filed: 2014-03-27
- Published: 2016-02-11
- Granted: 2016-12-13
- Earliest claimed: 2013-04-02
- Assignees: Sony Corporation
- Applicants: Sony Corporation
- Inventors: Matthew Paul Athol Taylor
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9520900B2

## CPC

- H03M 13/2732: {Convolutional interleaver; Interleavers using shift-registers or delay lines like, e.g. Ramsey type interleaver}
- G06F 11/10: Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out 9's or 11's
- H03M 13/2792: {Interleaver wherein interleaving is performed jointly with another technique such as puncturing, multiplexing or routing}
- H04L 1/0041: {Arrangements at the transmitter end}
- H03M 13/2782: {Interleaver implementations, which reduce the amount of required interleaving memory}
- H03M 13/2789: {Interleaver providing variable interleaving, e.g. variable block sizes}
- H03M 13/6508: {Flexibility, adaptability, parametrability and configurability of the implementation}
- H03M: CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL (using fluidic means F15C4/00; optical analogue/digital converters G02F7/00; coding, decoding or code conversion, specially adapted for particular applications, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. G01D, G01R, G06F, G06T, G09G, G10L, G11B, G11C, H04B, H04L, H04M, H04N; ciphering or deciphering for cryptography or other purposes involving the need for secrecy G09C)
- G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N)
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)

## Abstract

A transmitter for transmitting a signal including an interleaved symbol stream includes a convolutional interleaver including a plurality of delay portions, each of which is arranged to delay symbols from an uninterleaved symbol stream from an input to an output by a different amount, the delay portions being arranged in a sequence. An input selector inputs the symbols from the uninterleaved symbol stream to the delay portions so that successive symbols are input in accordance with the sequence of the delay portions. An output selector reads the symbols from the delay portions by successively selecting the symbols from the outputs of the delay portions in accordance with the sequence of the delay portions to form an interleaved symbol stream.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A transmitter for transmitting a signal comprising an interleaved symbol stream, the transmitter comprising:
a forward error correction encoder configured to encode a stream of data symbols into a plurality of forward error correction encoded frames,
a convolutional interleaver comprising a plurality of delay portions each of which is arranged to delay symbols from the plurality of forward error correction encoded frames from an input to an output by a different amount of delay, the delay portions being arranged in a sequence;
an interleaver selector providing an input interleaver selector and an output interleaver selector, configured to input the symbols from the plurality of forward error correction encoded frames to the delay portions so that successive symbols are input in accordance with the sequence of the delay portions;
the output selector being configured to read the symbols from the delay portions by cyclically selecting the symbols from the outputs of the delay portions in accordance with the sequence of the delay portions to form interleaved forward error correction encoded frames, the input selector being arranged with the output selector so that each of the input and output selectors selects from the same delay portion,
a frame builder configured to form the interleaved forward error correction frames into a physical layer frame,
a controller configured
to generate signalling data for transmission with the physical layer frame, the signalling data providing an indication of a position of the interleaver selector at the start of the physical layer frame, and
a transmitter configured to transmit the physical layer frame and the signalling data.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

A transmitter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the signalling data includes an indication of a number of symbols that a deinterleaver in a receiver will read out from the start of the physical layer frame before the start of a forward error correction frame.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

A transmitter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the input interleaver selector is operable to input symbols into a delay portion and the output interleaver selector is operable to read out symbols from the delay portions, the input and output interleaver selectors being synchronised such that the input interleaver selector inputs to the same delay portion from which the output interleaver selectors read out.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

A transmitter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the delay portions of the convolutional interleaver comprise a number of rows (Nrows) of delay elements, each of the rows of the delay elements having an increasing number of delay elements, starting at a first row without a delay element and increasing by one delay element for each numbered row, with a final row having a number of delay elements equal to Nrows.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

A transmitter as claimed in claim 4, wherein the number of delay elements is equal to Nrows*(Nrows−1)/2.

### Claim 6 (depends on 4)

A transmitter as claimed in claim 4, wherein the signalling data includes an indication of a number of rows of the convolutional interleaver, including the row without a delay element.

### Claim 7

A method of transmitting a signal, the method comprising:
encoding a stream of data symbols into a plurality of forward error correction encoded frames,
interleaving the plurality of forward error correction encoded frame using a convolutional interleaver, the convolutional interleaver comprising
a plurality of delay portions each of which is arranged to delay symbols from the plurality of forward error correction encoded frames from an input to an output by a different amount of delay, the delay portions being arranged in a sequence,
an interleaver selector providing an input selector and an output selector, configured to input the symbols from the plurality of forward error correction encoded frames to the delay portions so that successive symbols are input in accordance with the sequence of the delay portions, the output selector being configured to read the symbols from the delay portions by cyclically selecting the symbols from the outputs of the delay portions in accordance with the sequence of the delay portions to form interleaved forward error correction encoded frames, the input selector being arranged with the output selector so that each of the input and output selectors selects from the same delay portion,
building the interleaved forward error correction frames into a physical layer frame,
transmitting the physical layer frame,
and
generating signalling data for transmission with the physical layer frame, the signalling data providing an indication of a position of the interleaver selector at the start of the physical layer frame.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the generating the signaling data includes generating with the signalling data an indication of a number of symbols that a deinterleaver in a receiver will read out from the start of the physical layer frame before the start of a forward error correction frame.

### Claim 9 (depends on 7)

A method as claimed in claim 7, comprising
synchronisation the input interleaver selector with the output interleaver selector so that the input interleaver selector inputs to the same delay portion from which the output interleaver selectors read out.

### Claim 10 (depends on 7)

A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the delay portions of the convolutional interleaver comprise a number of rows (Nrows) of delay elements, each of the rows of the delay elements having an increasing number of delay elements, starting at a first row without a delay element and increasing by one delay element for each numbered row, with a final row having a number of delay elements equal to Nrows.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the number of delay elements is equal to Nrows*(Nrows−1)/2.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the signalling data includes an indication of a number of rows of the convolutional interleaver, including the row without a delay element.