# US 9,520,592 B2 · Lithium secondary battery > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 9,520,592 B2 - Document ID: US9520592B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 14/240,856 - Filed: 2012-08-02 - Published: 2014-07-17 - Granted: 2016-12-13 - Earliest claimed: 2011-08-26 - Assignees: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha - Applicants: Takumi Tamaki; Hiroki Nagai - Inventors: Takumi Tamaki; Hiroki Nagai - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9520592B2 ## CPC - H01M 4/131: Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx - H01M 4/1391: of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx - H01M 4/362: {Composites} - H01M 10/052: Li-accumulators - H01M 2004/021: {Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area} - Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries - Y02P 70/50: Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product - Y10T 29/49108: Electric battery cell making - H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION - Y02P: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS - Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION ## Abstract A lithium secondary battery exhibiting low temperature output characteristics is provided. The lithium secondary battery of the present invention includes a current collector 12, and an active material layer 14 which is supported on the current collector 12 and contains active material particles 30 and electrically conductive material 16. The active material particles 30 each have a shell composed of a lithium transition metal oxide, a hollow part formed in the shell, and a through hole penetrating the shell. The electrically conductive material 16 contained in the active material layer 14 are arranged both in the hollow part of the active material particles and between the active material particles 30. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A lithium secondary battery comprising: a current collector; and an active material layer which is supported on the current collector and contains active material particles and electrically conductive particles, the active material particles each having: a shell composed of a lithium transition metal oxide; a hollow part formed in the shell; and a through hole penetrating the shell, wherein the electrically conductive particles contained in the active material layer are arranged both in the hollow part of the active material particles and between the active material particles, and the electrically conductive particles arranged in the hollow part of the active material particles are formed independent of the active material particles. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive particles arranged in the hollow part of the active material particles are electrically connected through the through holes with the electrically conductive particles arranged between the active material particles. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, which has a 10% accumulated particle diameter (D10) of 0.25 μm or less and a 90% accumulated particle diameter (D90) of 1 μm or more in a particle size distribution determined by laser diffraction of the electrically conductive particles. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of the electrically conductive particles arranged in the hollow part of the active material particles is from 3% to 30% by mass with reference to the total mass of the electrically conductive particles contained in the active material layer. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the lithium transition metal oxide is a compound having a layered crystal structure containing at least nickel as a constituent element. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, which is used as a driving power supply for a vehicle. ### Claim 7 A method of producing a lithium secondary battery, comprising: a step of preparing active material particles with a holed hollow structure each having a shell composed of a lithium transition metal oxide, a hollow part formed in the shell, and a through hole penetrating the shell; a step of forming an active material layer forming composition by mixing the active material particles, electrically conductive particles, and a solvent; a step of applying the active material forming composition to a current collector, thereby obtaining an electrode composed of an active material layer formed on the current collector; and a step of assembling a lithium secondary battery using the electrode, wherein the composition formation step uses electrically conductive particles and active material particles with a holed hollow structure, the electrically conductive particles having a particle size distribution which allows a portion of the electrically conductive particles to enter into the hollow part of the active material particles through the through holes and to be arranged therein as independent of the active material particles. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The production method according to claim 7, wherein as the electrically conductive particles having the particle size distribution, electrically conductive particles having the 10% accumulated particle diameter (D10) of 0.25 μm or less and the 90% accumulated particle diameter (D90) of 1 μm or more are used. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) The production method according to claim 7, wherein the composition formation step includes: a first mixing step of mixing the electrically conductive particles with the solvent to form an electrically conductive material composition; and a second mixing step of mixing the electrically conductive material composition with the active material particles to obtain the active material forming composition, wherein in the first mixing step, the electrically conductive particles are mixed under grinding such that the electrically conductive particles have a particle size distribution which allows a portion of the electrically conductive particles to enter into the hollow part of the active material particles through the through holes and to be arranged therein. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the 10% accumulated particle diameter (D10) of the electrically conductive particles is smaller than the average opening width of the through hole and the 90% accumulated particle diameter (D90) of the electrically conductive particles is greater than the average opening width of the through hole. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive particles arranged in the hollow part of the active material particles are the same as the electrically conductive particles arranged between the active material particles. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the active material particles are not incorporated with the electrically conductive particles.