# US 9,519,604 B2 · Systems and methods for frequency control on a bus through superposition

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- Number: US 9,519,604 B2
- Document ID: US9519604B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 14/250,996
- Filed: 2014-04-11
- Published: 2015-10-15
- Granted: 2016-12-13
- Earliest claimed: 2014-04-11
- Assignees: QUALCOMM Incorporated
- Applicants: QUALCOMM Incorporated
- Inventors: Timothy Mowry Hollis
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9519604B2

## CPC

- G06F 13/4018: {with data-width conversion}
- G06F 13/4022: {using switching circuits, e.g. switching matrix, connection or expansion network (G06F13/4009 takes precedence)}
- G06F 13/42: Bus transfer protocol, e.g. handshake; Synchronisation
- H04L 25/4917: {using multilevel codes}
- G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N)
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)

## Abstract

Systems and methods for frequency control on a bus through superposition are disclosed. In one embodiment, instead of adding pins or increasing the operating frequency of the bus, three signals are placed on lines within the bus using superposition. In this fashion, three bits may be sent over two conductors, effectively obviating the need for an additional pin and effectively increasing the frequency of bit transmission without having to increase the clock speed.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for conveying data across a bus, comprising:
parsing a data signal into a plurality of bits;
identifying a first bit of the plurality of bits for transmission on a first conductor of the bus through a first pin;
identifying a second bit of the plurality of bits for transmission on a second conductor of the bus through a second pin;
steering a third bit of the plurality of bits onto the first bit or the second bit based on the value of the third bit;
combining the third bit with the first bit or second bit based on the steering and sending a combined bit to one of the first conductor and second conductor based on which bit was combined; and
sending the first, second, and third bits to the bus through the first and second pins.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising representing the first bit with a first current level and representing the second bit with a second current level.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, further comprising representing the third bit with a third current level.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The method of claim 3, wherein combining the third bit with the first bit or second bit comprises adding the third current level to the first current level or the second current level.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising representing the first bit with a first voltage level and representing the second bit with a second voltage level.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The method of claim 5, further comprising representing the third bit with a third voltage level.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6, wherein combining the third bit with the first bit or second bit comprises adding the third voltage level to the first voltage level or the second voltage level.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the first bit comprises a first single ended signal and the second bit comprises a second single ended signal.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the third bit comprises a differential signal.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising preconditioning the plurality of bits for power savings.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein preconditioning comprises determining a number of ones compared to a number of zeroes in the plurality of bits and if the number of ones is larger than the number of zeroes, inverting ones and zeroes.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising encoding the first bit, the second bit and the third bit according to a predefined table.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The method of claim 12, further comprising avoiding duplication of output entries in the predefined table by assigning fixed values to one of such duplicate entries.

### Claim 14

A transmitter within an integrated circuit configured to send signals across a data bus, the transmitter comprising:
a first bit source configured to generate a first bit, the first bit source coupled to a first external pin on the integrated circuit;
a second bit source configured to generate a second bit, the second bit source coupled to a second external pin on the integrated circuit;
a third bit source configured to generate a third bit;
a control system configured to:
parse a data signal into a plurality of bits;
identify the first bit within the plurality of bits for transmission on a first conductor of the data bus through the first external pin; and
identify the second bit within the plurality of bits for transmission on a second conductor of the data bus through the second external pin; and
a switch assembly associated with the third bit source and configured to switch the third bit source between the first external pin and the second external pin based on steering from the control system.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The transmitter of claim 14, wherein the first bit source comprises a first voltage source and the second bit source comprises a second voltage source.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The transmitter of claim 15, wherein the third bit source comprises a third voltage source and the switch assembly causes a superposition of voltages when the third bit is directed to the first external pin with the first bit or the third bit is directed to the second external pin with the second bit.

### Claim 17 (depends on 14)

The transmitter of claim 14, wherein the first bit source comprises a first current source and the second bit source comprises a second current source.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The transmitter of claim 17, wherein the third bit source comprises a third current source and the switch assembly causes a superposition of currents when the third bit is directed to the first external pin with the first bit or the third bit is directed to the second external pin with the second bit.

### Claim 19 (depends on 14)

The transmitter of claim 14, wherein the first bit source is configured to create a first single ended signal with the first bit and the second bit source is configured to create a second single ended signal with the second bit.

### Claim 20 (depends on 14)

The transmitter of claim 14, wherein the third bit source is configured to create a differential signal with the third bit.

### Claim 21 (depends on 14)

The transmitter of claim 14, wherein the third bit source comprises a first sub source and a second sub source.

### Claim 22 (depends on 14)

The transmitter of claim 14, further comprising an encoder configured to encode the first bit, the second bit and the third bit according to a predefined table.

### Claim 23 (depends on 22)

The transmitter of claim 22, wherein the predefined table is defined to avoid duplicate output entries.

### Claim 24 (depends on 21)

The transmitter of claim 21, wherein the switch assembly comprises:
a first switch selectively coupling the first bit source to the first external pin;
a second switch selectively coupling the second bit source to the second external pin;
a third switch selectively coupling the first sub source to the first external pin; and
a fourth switch selectively coupling the second sub source to the second external pin.

### Claim 25 (depends on 14)

The transmitter of claim 14 integrated into a device selected from the group consisting of a set top box, an entertainment unit, a navigation device, a communications device, a fixed location data unit, a mobile location data unit, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a computer, a portable computer, a desktop computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a monitor, a computer monitor, a television, a tuner, a radio, a satellite radio, a music player, a digital music player, a portable music player, a digital video player, a video player, a digital video disc (DVD) player, and a portable digital video player.

### Claim 26

A data transmission system comprising:
a two wire data bus;
a transmitter within an integrated circuit, the transmitter comprising:
a first bit source configured to generate a first bit, the first bit source coupled to a first external pin on the integrated circuit, the first external pin coupled to a first wire of the two wire data bus;
a second bit source configured to generate a second bit, the second bit source coupled to a second external pin on the integrated circuit, the second external pin coupled to a second wire of the two wire data bus;
a third bit source configured to generate a third bit;
a control system configured to:
parse a data signal into a plurality of bits;
identify the first bit within the plurality of bits for transmission on the first wire of the two wire data bus through the first external pin; and
identify the second bit within the plurality of bits for transmission on the second wire of the two wire data bus through the second external pin; and
a switch assembly associated with the third bit source and configured to switch the third bit source between the first external pin and the second external pin based on steering from the control system.