# US 9,519,071 B2 · Method and apparatus for controlling output of an array of seismic sources

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- Number: US 9,519,071 B2
- Document ID: US9519071B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 14/197,764
- Filed: 2014-03-05
- Published: 2015-01-01
- Granted: 2016-12-13
- Earliest claimed: 2013-06-27
- Assignees: Cgg Services SAS
- Applicants: Cgg Services SA
- Inventors: Cecile Berron; Julien Meunier
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9519071B2

## CPC

- G01V 1/04: Details
- G01V 1/006: {generating single signals by using more than one generator, e.g. beam steering or focusing arrays (G01V1/13, G01V1/3861 take precedence)}
- G01V 1/345: {Visualisation of seismic data or attributes, e.g. in 3D cubes}
- G01V 1/42: using generators in one well and receivers elsewhere or vice versa (G01V1/52 takes precedence)
- G01V 1/3861: {control of source arrays, e.g. for far field control}
- G01V 1/40: specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V 2210/127: Cooperating multiple sources
- G01V 2210/1299: Subsurface, e.g. in borehole or below weathering layer or mud line
- G01V 2210/56: De-ghosting; Reverberation compensation
- G01V: GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS (means for indicating the location of accidentally buried, e.g. snow-buried, persons A63B29/02)

## Abstract

Apparatus, computer instructions and method for controlling an energy output of a source array to be used in a seismic survey for illuminating a subsurface. The method includes generating a model (β) based on up-going (U) and down-going (D) components of seismic waves generated by source elements that form the source array; calculating the amplitudes and phases of each source element based on the model (β); and driving the source array based on the calculated amplitudes and phases for the source elements so that a ghost generated by the source array is reduced at emission.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for controlling an energy output of a source array to be used in a seismic survey for illuminating a subsurface, the method comprising:
generating a model (β) based on up-going (U) and down-going (D) components of seismic waves generated by source elements that form the source array;
calculating the amplitudes and phases of each source element based on the model (β); and
driving the source array based on the calculated amplitudes and phases for the source elements so that a ghost generated by the source array is reduced at emission,
wherein the model (β) for two source elements S1 and S2 is given by
(
1
1
-
z
2
-
z
1
-
z
2
z
2
z
2
-
1
-
z
z
2
-
1
)
·
(
S
1
S
2
)
,
where z is a phase shift.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the ghost is removed.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein S1=D1+U1, where D1 is the first source down-going component and U1 is the first source up-going component, S2=D2 +U2, where D2 is the second source down-going component and U2 is the second source up-going component, D2=D1·z and U2=U1/z.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the source elements are buried in a well.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4, wherein the well is substantially vertical.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the source elements are distributed along a curved line.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising:
recording with plural receivers deghosted seismic data originated from the source array; and
processing the deghosted seismic data to generate an image of the subsurface.

### Claim 8

A method for controlling an energy output of a source array to be used in a seismic survey for illuminating a subsurface, the method comprising:
distributing source elements that form the source array in a well, at different depths;
generating a model (β) based on up-going (U) and down-going (D) components of seismic waves generated by source elements that form the source array;
calculating the amplitude and phase of each source element based on the model (β); and
driving the source array based on the calculated amplitudes and phases for the source elements so that a ghost generated by the source array is removed.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The method of claim 8, wherein the source elements are distributed along a curved line.

### Claim 10 (depends on 8)

The method of claim 8, further comprising:
recording with plural receivers deghosted seismic data originated from the source array; and
processing the deghosted seismic data to generate an image of the subsurface.

### Claim 11

A method for controlling an energy output of a source array to be used in a seismic survey for illuminating a subsurface, the method comprising:
generating a model (δ) based on up-going (U) and down-going (D) components of seismic waves generated by source elements that form the source array;
calculating the phase of each source element based on the model (δ); and
driving the source array based on the calculated phases for the source elements so that a ghost generated by the source array is reduced at emission,
wherein the model (δ) for two source elements S1 and S2 is given by
1
2
⁢
(
1
1
z
1
z
)
·
(
S
1
S
2
)
,
z being a phase shift.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, wherein S1=D1+U1, where D1 is the first source down-going component and U1 is the first source up-going component, S2=D2+U2, where D2 is the second source down-going component and U2 is the second source up-going component, D2=D1·z and U2=U1/z.

### Claim 13 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, wherein the source elements are buried.

### Claim 14 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, wherein the source elements are buried along a well.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The method of claim 14, wherein the well is substantially vertical.

### Claim 16 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, wherein the source elements are distributed along a curved line.

### Claim 17 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, further comprising:
recording with plural receivers deghosted seismic data originated from the source array; and
processing the deghosted seismic data to generate an image of the subsurface.

### Claim 18

A seismic survey system that emits deghosted seismic waves, the system comprising:
plural source elements forming a source array, wherein the plural source elements are buried in a well;
plural seismic receivers configured to record seismic waves originating from the plural source elements; and
a controller connected to the plural source elements and configured to apply driving signals to the plural source elements to emit the deghosted seismic waves,
wherein a model (β) based on up-going (U) and down-going (D) components of seismic waves generated by source elements that form the source array are used to generate the driving signals.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The seismic survey system of claim 18, wherein the model (β) for two source elements S1 and S2 is given by
1
2
⁢
(
1
1
z
1
z
)
·
(
S
1
S
2
)
,
z being a phase shift.