# US 9,518,492 B2 · Exhaust system implementing in situ calibration

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- Number: US 9,518,492 B2
- Document ID: US9518492B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 12/081,894
- Filed: 2008-04-23
- Published: 2009-10-29
- Granted: 2016-12-13
- Earliest claimed: 2008-04-23
- Assignees: Caterpillar Inc.
- Applicants: Mary Lou Kesse; Zhiyong Wei; Liangtao Zhu
- Inventors: Mary Lou Kesse; Zhiyong Wei; Liangtao Zhu
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9518492B2

## CPC

- F01N 3/208: {Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. by adjusting the dosing of reducing agent}
- F01N 2560/026: for measuring or detecting NOx
- F01N 2610/02: the substance being ammonia or urea
- F01N 2900/0408: using a feed-back loop
- F01N 2900/0411: using a feed-forward control
- F01N 2900/0412: using pre-calibrated maps, tables or charts
- Y02T 10/12: Improving ICE efficiencies
- F01N: GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES (arrangements in connection with gas exhaust of propulsion units in vehicles B60K13/00; combustion-air intake silencers specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines F02M35/00; protecting against, or damping, noise in general G10K11/16)
- Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION

## Abstract

An exhaust system for use with a combustion engine is disclosed. The exhaust system may have an exhaust passageway, a reduction catalyst, a reductant injector, and a controller. The controller may have a NOX/reductant relationship map, and be configured to receive a first input relating to an amount of NOX within the exhaust passageway upstream of the reduction catalyst, and reference the NOX/reductant relationship map to determine an initial amount of reductant that should be directed into the exhaust passageway based on the first input. The controller may also be configured to receive a second input relating to performance of the reduction catalyst, determine an adjustment to the initial amount of reductant based on the second input, and regulate operation of the reductant injector to direct an adjusted amount of reductant into the exhaust passageway. The controller may further be configured to update the NOX/reductant relationship map based on the determined adjustment.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An exhaust system for a combustion engine, comprising:
an exhaust passageway;
a reduction catalyst disposed within the exhaust passageway;
a reductant injector located to direct reductant into the exhaust passageway upstream of the reduction catalyst; and
a controller in communication with the reductant injector and having a NOX/reductant relationship map stored in memory thereof, the controller being configured to:
receive a first input relating to an amount of NOX within the exhaust passageway upstream of the reduction catalyst;
reference the NOX/reductant relationship map to determine an initial amount of reductant that should be directed into the exhaust passageway based on the first input;
receive a second input relating to performance of the reduction catalyst;
determine an adjustment to the initial amount of reductant based on the second input;
regulate operation of the reductant injector to direct an adjusted amount of reductant into the exhaust passageway; and
update the NOx/reductant relationship map based on the determined adjustment, wherein the controller is configured to periodically update the NOX/reductant relationship map with time averaged values for the determined adjustment.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The exhaust system of claim 1, wherein the NOX/reductant relationship map is populated in situ.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The exhaust system of claim 1, further including:
a first constituent sensor located upstream of the reduction catalyst; and
a second constituent sensor located downstream of the reduction catalyst,
wherein the controller is further configured to classify an error flag as being related to one of the combustion engine and the exhaust system based on input from the first and second constituent sensors.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The exhaust system of claim 1, further including a constituent sensor located downstream of the reductant catalyst, wherein the performance of the reduction catalyst is related to a measurement of residual gas by the constituent sensor.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The exhaust system of claim 4, wherein the residual gas is NOX.

### Claim 6 (depends on 4)

The exhaust system of claim 4, wherein the residual gas is NH3.

### Claim 7 (depends on 4)

The exhaust system of claim 4, wherein:
the controller further includes a residual gas/reductant relationship map stored in memory thereof; and
the controller is further configured to reference the residual gas/reductant relationship map to determine the adjustment based on the measurement by the constituent sensor.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The exhaust system of claim 7, wherein the residual gas/reductant relationship map is periodically updated with time averaged values.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The exhaust system of claim 8, wherein:
the NOX/reductant relationship map is periodically updated with time averaged values from the residual gas/reductant relationship map; and
the NOX/reductant relationship map is updated less frequently than the residual gas/reductant relationship map.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The exhaust system of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to:
compare the determined adjustment to a threshold value; and
generate an error flag when the determined adjustment is greater than the threshold value.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The exhaust system of claim 10, wherein the controller is further configured to:
compare an adjusted amount associated with a first reductant injection event to an adjusted amount associated with a second reductant injection event; and
generate an error flag when the adjusted amount associated with the first reductant injection event is substantially different than the adjusted amount associated with the second reductant injection event.

### Claim 12

A method of operating a combustion engine, comprising:
directing a flow of exhaust from the combustion engine through a reduction catalyst;
determining an amount of NOX in the flow of exhaust upstream of the reduction catalyst;
referencing a NOX/reductant relationship map to determine an initial amount of reductant that should be directed into the flow of exhaust based on the determined amount of NOX;
determining a performance of the reduction catalyst;
determining an adjusted amount of reductant based on the determined performance;
directing the adjusted amount of reductant into the exhaust flow upstream of the reduction catalyst; and
updating the NOX/reductant relationship map based on a difference between the initial amount of reductant and the adjusted amount of reductant, wherein updating includes periodically updating the NOX/reductant relationship map with time averaged values for the difference between the initial amount of reductant and the adjusted amount of reductant.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The method of claim 12, further including:
sensing a constituent at a location upstream of the reduction catalyst;
sensing a constituent at a location downstream of the reduction catalyst; and
classifying an error flag as being related to one of the combustion engine and the reduction catalyst based on the constituents sensed upstream and downstream of the reduction catalyst.

### Claim 14 (depends on 12)

The method of claim 12, wherein:
determining a performance of the reduction catalyst includes sensing a residual gas downstream of the reduction catalyst; and
determining the adjusted amount of reductant includes referencing the sensed residual gas with a residual gas/reductant relationship map.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The method of claim 14, further including periodically updating the residual gas/reductant relationship map, wherein:
the NOX/reductant relationship map is periodically updated with time averaged values from the residual gas/reductant relationship map; and
the NOX/reductant relationship map is updated less frequently than the residual gas/reductant relationship map.

### Claim 16 (depends on 12)

The method of claim 12, further including:
comparing the adjusted amount of reductant to a threshold value; and
generating an error flag when the adjusted amount of reductant is greater than the threshold value.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The method of claim 16, further including:
comparing an adjusted amount associated with a first reductant injection event to an adjusted amount associated with a second reductant injection event; and
generating an error flag when the adjusted amount associated with the first reductant injection event is substantially different than the adjusted amount associated with the second reductant injection event.

### Claim 18

A power system, comprising:
an engine configured to combust fuel and generate a flow of exhaust;
an exhaust passageway leading from the engine to the atmosphere;
an SCR catalyst disposed within the exhaust passageway;
a first sensor located to generate a first signal indicative of a NOX production by the engine;
a second sensor located downstream of the SCR catalyst to generate a second signal indicative of a residual amount of at least one of NOX and NH3;
an injection device located to inject urea into the exhaust passageway upstream of the SCR catalyst; and
a controller in communication with the engine, the first sensor, the second sensor, and the injection device, the controller being configured to:
reference a NOX/urea relationship map to determine an initial amount of urea that should be directed into the exhaust passageway based on the first signal;
reference a residual gas/urea relationship map to determine an adjustment to the initial amount of urea based on the second signal;
regulate operation of the urea injector to direct an adjusted amount of urea into the exhaust passageway;
periodically update the NOX/urea relationship map with time averaged values from the residual gas/urea relationship map; and
periodically update the residual gas/urea relationship map with time averaged values from the second sensor.