# US 9,518,319 B2 · Low-emissivity glass including spacer layers compatible with heat treatment > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 9,518,319 B2 - Document ID: US9518319B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 14/203,182 - Filed: 2014-03-10 - Published: 2014-09-18 - Granted: 2016-12-13 - Earliest claimed: 2013-03-13 - Assignees: Intermolecular, Inc.; Guardian Industries Corp. - Applicants: Intermolecular Inc.; Guardian Industries Corp. - Inventors: Guowen Ding; Jeremy Cheng; Tong Ju; Minh Huu Le; Daniel Schweigert; Zhi-Wen Sun; Yongli Xu; Guizhen Zhang - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9518319B2 ## CPC - G02B 5/208: {for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation, e.g. for separating visible light from infrared and/or ultraviolet radiation} - B29D 11/00865: {Applying coatings; tinting; colouring (printing, marking or copying processes B41M; identification in general G09F3/00; producing decorative effects in general B44C; positioning or marking of lenses B24B13/0055)} - C03C 17/36: at least one coating being a metal - C03C 17/3626: {one layer at least containing a nitride, oxynitride, boronitride or carbonitride} - C03C 17/3639: {Multilayers containing at least two functional metal layers} - C03C 17/3644: {the metal being silver} - C03C 17/366: {Low-emissivity or solar control coatings} - C03C 17/3681: {the multilayer coating being used in glazing, e.g. windows or windscreens} - C03C 23/007: {by thermal treatment} - C23C 14/083: {of refractory metals or yttrium} - C23C 14/085: {of iron group metals} - C23C 14/14: Metallic material, boron or silicon - C23C 14/22: characterised by the process of coating - E06B 9/24: Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; {Slat blinds}(operating, guiding or securing devices or arrangements for roll-type closures E06B9/56; free-hanging flexible screens A47H23/00) - G02B 5/26: Reflecting filters (G02B5/28 takes precedence) - G02F 1/091: {based on magneto-absorption or magneto-reflection} - B32B 7/02: Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties - B32B 7/023: Optical properties - C03C 2217/43: consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase - C03C 2217/48: having a specific function - C03C 2218/154: by sputtering - E06B 2009/2417: {Light path control; means to control reflection} - E06B 2009/2464: {featuring transparency control by applying voltage, e.g. LCD, electrochromic panels} - G02F 1/094: {based on magnetophoretic effect} - Y10T 428/24975: No layer or component greater than 5 mils thick - Y10T 428/265: 1 mil or less - G02B: OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS - B29D: PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE (making granules B29B9/00; making preforms B29B11/00) - C03C: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS - C23C: COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL (making metal-coated products by extrusion B21C23/22; covering with metal by connecting pre-existing layers to articles, see the relevant places, e.g. B21D39/00, B23K; metallising of glass C03C; metallising mortars, concrete, artificial stone, ceramics or natural stone C04B41/00; enamelling of, or applying a vitreous layer to, metals C23D; treating metal surfaces or coating of metals by electrolysis or electrophoresis C25D; single-crystal film growth C30B; by metallising textiles D06M11/83; decorating textiles by locally metallising D06Q1/04) - E06B: FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES (shades or blinds for greenhouses A01G9/22; curtains A47H; lids for car boots or bonnets B62D25/10; skylights E04B7/18; sunshades, awnings E04F10/00) - G02F: OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS - B32B: LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM - Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION ## Abstract Disclosed herein are systems, methods, and apparatus for forming low emissivity panels. A first dielectric layer is disposed over a substrate and includes a bi-metal oxide having tin and bismuth or niobium. A seed layer is disposed directly on the first dielectric layer. A reflective layer including silver is disposed directly on the seed layer. A barrier layer is disposed above the reflective layer. The barrier layer includes one of a nickel chromium titanium aluminum alloy or a nickel chromium titanium aluminum oxide. The nickel chromium titanium aluminum alloy or the nickel chromium titanium aluminum oxide includes between about 5% and about 10% by weight nickel, between about 25% and about 30% by weight chromium, between about 30% and about 35% by weight titanium, and between about 30% and about 35% by weight aluminum. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A low emissivity panel comprising: a first reflective layer; a second reflective layer; a spacer layer disposed between the first reflective layer and the second reflective layer, wherein the spacer layer has a thickness of between about 20 nm and 90 nm and a substantially uniform composition throughout the thickness thereof, and wherein the spacer layer comprises a bi-metal oxide, the bi-metal oxide comprising tin and one of bismuth and niobium; and a barrier layer disposed between the first reflective layer and the spacer layer, wherein the barrier layer comprises one of a nickel chromium titanium aluminum alloy or a nickel chromium titanium aluminum oxide, wherein the one of the nickel chromium titanium aluminum alloy or the nickel chromium titanium aluminum oxide comprises between about 5% and about 10% by weight nickel, between about 25% and about 30% by weight chromium, between about 30% and about 35% by weight titanium, and between about 30% and about 35% by weight aluminum. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The low emissivity panel of claim 1, wherein the low emissivity panel is configured to have a Rg ΔE that is less than about 1.7 in response to an application of a heat treatment to the low emissivity panel. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The low emissivity panel of claim 1, wherein the spacer layer consists of the bi-metal oxide. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The low emissivity panel of claim 1, wherein the bi-metal oxide consists of bismuth tin oxide or niobium tin oxide. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The low emissivity panel of claim 4, wherein each of the first reflective layer and the second reflective layer comprises silver. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The low emissivity panel of claim 5, wherein the barrier layer directly interfaces the first reflective layer and the spacer layer. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The low emissivity panel of claim 6, further comprising a seed layer disposed between the spacer layer and the second reflective layer, the seed layer consisting of one of zinc oxide, tin oxide, scandium oxide, or yttrium oxide, wherein the seed layer directly interfaces the spacer layer and the second reflective layer. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The low emissivity panel of claim 1, wherein the barrier layer consists of the nickel chromium titanium aluminum alloy, and wherein the nickel chromium titanium aluminum alloy consists of between about 5% and about 10% by weight nickel, between about 25% and about 30% by weight chromium, between about 30% and about 35% by weight titanium, and between about 30% and about 35% by weight aluminum. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The low emissivity panel of claim 1, wherein the barrier layer consists of the nickel chromium titanium aluminum oxide, and wherein the nickel chromium titanium aluminum oxide consists of between about 5% and about 10% by weight nickel, between about 25% and about 30% by weight chromium, between about 30% and about 35% by weight titanium, between about 30% and about 35% by weight aluminum, and between about 0% and about 5% by weight oxygen. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The low emissivity panel of claim 1, further comprising a second barrier layer disposed directly on the second reflective layer, wherein the second barrier layer comprises the one of the nickel chromium titanium aluminum alloy or the nickel chromium titanium aluminum oxide. ### Claim 11 A low emissivity panel comprising: a substrate; a first dielectric layer disposed over the substrate, wherein the first dielectric layer has a substantially amorphous structure and consists of a bi-metal oxide, the bi-metal oxide comprising tin and one of bismuth and niobium; a seed layer disposed directly on the first dielectric layer; a reflective layer disposed directly on the seed layer, wherein the reflective layer comprises silver; and a barrier layer disposed directly on the reflective layer, wherein the barrier layer comprises one of a nickel chromium titanium aluminum alloy or a nickel chromium titanium aluminum oxide, wherein the one of the nickel chromium titanium aluminum alloy or the nickel chromium titanium aluminum oxide comprises between about 5% and about 10% by weight nickel, between about 25% and about 30% by weight chromium, between about 30% and about 35% by weight titanium, and between about 30% and about 35% by weight aluminum. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The low emissivity panel of claim 11, wherein the bi-metal oxide consists of bismuth tin oxide or niobium tin oxide. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The low emissivity panel of claim 11, wherein the barrier layer consists of the one of the nickel chromium titanium aluminum alloy or the nickel chromium titanium aluminum oxide. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The low emissivity panel of claim 13, further comprising a spacer layer disposed directly on the barrier layer, wherein the spacer layer consists of bismuth tin oxide or niobium tin oxide. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The low emissivity panel of claim 14, further comprising a second seed layer disposed directly on the spacer layer, wherein each of the seed layer and the second seed layer consist of one of zinc oxide, tin oxide, scandium oxide, or yttrium oxide. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The low emissivity panel of claim 15, further comprising a second reflective layer disposed directly on the second seed layer, wherein the second reflective layer comprises silver. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The low emissivity panel of claim 16, wherein the first dielectric layer has a thickness of at least about 20 nm. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The low emissivity panel of claim 17, further comprising a second barrier layer disposed directly on the second reflective layer, wherein the second barrier layer comprises the one of the nickel chromium titanium aluminum alloy or the nickel chromium titanium aluminum oxide. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The low emissivity panel of claim 18, wherein each of the barrier layer and the second barrier layer consists of the nickel chromium titanium aluminum oxide, and wherein the nickel chromium titanium aluminum oxide consists of between about 5% and about 10% by weight nickel, between about 25% and about 30% by weight chromium, between about 30% and about 35% by weight titanium, between about 30% and about 35% by weight aluminum, and between about 0% and about 5% by weight oxygen.