# US 9,517,023 B2 · Method and system for directing a localized biological response to an implant > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 9,517,023 B2 - Document ID: US9517023B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 12/789,048 - Filed: 2010-05-27 - Published: 2010-12-02 - Granted: 2016-12-13 - Earliest claimed: 2009-06-01 - Assignees: Profusa, Inc. - Applicants: William A. McMillan; Natalie Wisniewski - Inventors: William A. McMillan; Natalie Wisniewski - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9517023B2 ## CPC - A61N 5/062: {Photodynamic therapy, i.e. excitation of an agent} - A61B 5/14503: {invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter or needle or using implanted sensors (A61B5/1459, A61B5/1464, A61B5/1473, A61B5/1482, A61B5/14865 take precedence)} - A61B 5/14532: {for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement} - A61B 5/1459: invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter - A61K 9/7038: {Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer} - A61M 5/14276: {specially adapted for implantation} - A61M 11/00: Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes (in general B05B; {aerosol containers B65D83/14}) - A61M 35/00: Devices for applying media, e.g. remedies, on the human body (devices for handling toiletry or cosmetic substances A45D; absorbent pads, e.g. swabs, A61F13/15) - A61M 37/0015: {by using microneedles} - A61K 9/0024: {Solid, semi-solid or solidifying implants, which are implanted or injected in body tissue (compositions for intravenous administration, normal injectable solutions or dispersions for, e.g. subcutaneous administration A61K9/0019; brain implants A61K9/0085; (coated) prostheses, catheters or stents A61L)} - A61M 2037/0023: {Drug applicators using microneedles} - A61M 2037/0061: {Methods for using microneedles} - A61M 2205/52: with memories providing a history of measured variating parameters of apparatus or patient - A61M 2205/587: Lighting arrangements - A61M 2230/005: Parameter used as control input for the apparatus - A61M 2230/201: Glucose concentration - A61N 5/067: using laser light - A61N 2005/0626: {Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods} - A61N 2005/0645: {Applicators worn by the patient} - A61N 2005/0652: {Arrays of diodes} - A61N 2005/0661: {ultraviolet} - A61N: ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY (measurement of bioelectric currents A61B; surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body A61B18/00; anaesthetic apparatus in general A61M; incandescent lamps H01K; infrared radiators for heating H05B) - A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D) - A61K: PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES (devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms A61J3/00; chemical aspects of, or use of materials for deodorisation of air, for disinfection or sterilisation, or for bandages, dressings, absorbent pads or surgical articles A61L; soap compositions C11D) - A61M: DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY (introducing media into or onto the bodies of animals A61D7/00; means for inserting tampons A61F13/26; devices for administering food or medicines orally A61J; containers for collecting, storing or administering blood or medical fluids A61J1/05); DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY (surgery A61B; chemical aspects of surgical articles A61L); DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR {(Electrotherapy, e.g. producing anaesthesia by the use of alternating or intermittent currents A61N1/36021)} ## Abstract The invention provides methods for directing a localized biological response of a mammalian body to an implant disposed within the body. In one embodiment, a delivery system is positioned outside the body and adjacent to the implant within the body. The delivery system comprises a first tissue response modifier effective for directing a localized biological response of the body to the implant. The tissue response modifier is nonsurgically delivered from the delivery system into the body in a quantity effective to direct the localized biological response of the body to the implant. The invention also provides an implant system for long-term use comprising an implant and nonsurgical means for delivering a tissue response modifier through the epidermis of the body, the tissue response modifier effective for directing a localized biological response of the body to the implant. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A system comprising: an implant configured to be placed within a mammalian body, the implant configured to sense an analyte within the mammalian body, the implant having a first sensitivity to the analyte before a foreign body response of the mammalian body and a second sensitivity less than the first sensitivity after the foreign body response of the mammalian body; a first patch configured to be placed on a surface of the mammalian body and to deliver a first tissue response modifier such that the first tissue response modifier does not reach systemic levels in the mammalian body, the first tissue response modifier configured to, at least one of, (1) minimize a first response of the mammalian body to the implantation of the implant or (2) enhance a second response of the mammalian body to the implantation of the implant; and a second patch configured to be placed on the surface of the mammalian body over the implant after the first patch is placed on the surface of the surface of the mammalian body, the second patch configured to (1) receive a signal from the implant associated with the analyte, and (2) deliver a second tissue response modifier through an epidermis of the mammalian body to reduce or eliminate the foreign body response of the mammalian body, the second patch configured to deliver the tissue response modifier such that the tissue response modifier does not reach systemic levels in the mammalian body. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, further comprising: a third patch configured to be placed on the mammalian body after the first patch, the third patch configured to (1) receive the signal from the implant and (2) deliver a third tissue response modifier through an epidermis of the mammalian body such that the third tissue response modifier does not reach systemic levels in the mammalian body. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the second patch is configured to be placed on surface of the mammalian body before the implant is placed within the mammalian body. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the implant includes a hydrogel surrounding a sensing material, the hydrogel configured to be bioabsorbed by the mammalian body when the implant is placed into the mammalian body exposing the sensing material to a tissue of the mammalian body. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the patch is configured to be removable from the mammalian body. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) A method for using the system of claim 1, the method comprising: positioning the first patch on the surface of the mammalian body; delivering the first tissue response modifier from the first patch such that the first tissue response modifier does not reach systemic levels in the mammalian body; positioning the second patch on the surface of the mammalian body over the implant after the first patch is positioned; and delivering the second tissue response modifier from the second patch through the epidermis of the mammalian body to reduce or eliminate the foreign body response of the mammalian body such that the second tissue response modifier does not reach systemic levels in the mammalian body. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6 further comprising: removing the first patch prior to positioning the second patch. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6 wherein delivering the first tissue response modifier includes injecting the first tissue response modifier from the first patch into the mammalian body through skin tissue disposed between the first patch and the implant. ### Claim 9 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6 wherein the first patch includes a material effective to modulate uptake of the first tissue response modifier by the body. ### Claim 10 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6 wherein the first patch includes at least one of an illuminator, a detector, a signal receiver, a signal transmitter, an energy storage component, or a data storage component. ### Claim 11 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6 further comprising: removing the implant from the mammalian body after delivering the second tissue response modifier. ### Claim 12 A system, comprising: an implant configured to be placed within a mammalian body, the implant configured to measure an analyte of the mammalian body, the implant having a first sensitivity to the analyte before a foreign body response of the mammalian body and a second sensitivity less than the first sensitivity after the foreign body response of the mammalian body; a first patch configured to be placed on a surface of the mammalian body over the implant, the first patch configured to (1) receive a signal from the implant associated with the analyte, and (2) deliver a first tissue response modifier through an epidermis of the mammalian body to reduce or eliminate the foreign body response of the mammalian body, the first patch configured to deliver the tissue response modifier such that the tissue response modifier does not reach systemic levels in the mammalian body; and a second patch configured to be placed on the mammalian body after the first patch, the second patch configured to (1) receive the signal from the implant and (2) deliver a second tissue response modifier through an epidermis of the mammalian body such that the second tissue response modifier does not reach systemic levels in the mammalian body. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The system of claim 12, wherein: the implant includes a sensing material configured to bind to the analyte and produce the signal in proportion to a quantity of the analyte, the foreign body response reducing an availability of the analyte to the sensing material; and the first patch includes a detector that receives the signal from the sensing material of the implant. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The system of claim 13 wherein the first patch further comprises at least one of an illuminator, a signal receiver, a signal transmitter, an energy storage component, or a data storage component. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The system of claim 13, wherein the first patch further comprises at least one of a radiation source and a pressure source. ### Claim 16 (depends on 13) The system of claim 13 wherein the first patch further comprises an interrogator configured to transmit an interrogating signal through the epidermis to the sensing material of the implant. ### Claim 17 (depends on 13) The system of claim 13, wherein: the effectiveness of the sensing material is degraded by a local accumulation of collagen; and the first tissue response modifier inhibits the local accumulation of collagen. ### Claim 18 (depends on 13) The system of claim 13, wherein the effectiveness of the sensing material is degraded when the analyte is impeded from reaching the sensing material by collagen. ### Claim 19 (depends on 13) The system of claim 13, wherein: the analyte is glucose; the sensing material is a glucose-binding substance; and the effectiveness of the glucose-binding substance is impeded by the foreign body response reducing a local concentration of glucose below a systemic concentration of glucose. ### Claim 20 (depends on 12) The system of claim 12, wherein the first tissue response modifier includes at least one selection from a group consisting of a collagen inhibitor, an anti-fibrotic agent, an angiogenic agent, a vasculogenic agent, a pro-vascular dilation agent, an immunosuppressive agent, an anti-proliferative agent, an anti-migratory agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, a vasodilator, an anti-histamine, an anti-protein-fouling agent, a metabolic depressor, a synthetic molecule, a biologically produced molecule, a permeation enhancer, a gene therapy agent, a stem cell, a mammalian cell, and a drug. ### Claim 21 (depends on 12) The system of claim 12, wherein the implant is configured to be placed within at least one of a dermis or a subcutis of a mammalian body. ### Claim 22 (depends on 12) The system of claim 12, wherein the first patch is configured to be removeably coupled to the mammalian body.