# US 9,516,863 B2 · Threshold barrier system

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- Number: US 9,516,863 B2
- Document ID: US9516863B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 14/549,023
- Filed: 2014-11-20
- Published: 2015-06-25
- Granted: 2016-12-13
- Earliest claimed: 2013-12-03
- Assignees: Radio Systems Corporation
- Applicants: Radio Systems Corporation
- Inventors: Duane A. Gerig; William P. Moore
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9516863B2

## CPC

- A01K 15/023: {Anti-evasion devices}
- A01K: ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS

## Abstract

An animal containment system is described that comprises a transmitter unit and a receiver, the transmitter unit comprising a transmitter coil and signal generator. The signal generator transmits a modulated activation signal through the coil and generates a uniform magnetic field within a region around the coil. A receiver travels through a portion of the uniform magnetic field and uses information of periodically emphasized positively directed portions of the signal to detect a first polarity of the magnetic field in a first detection area and a second reversed polarity of the magnetic field in the second detection area. A detected reversal of polarity indicates a boundary crossing event including the receiver transitioning across the boundary.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A system comprising:
a transmitter unit and a receiver, the transmitter unit comprising a transmitter coil, a signal generator, and a modulator;
the transmitter coil comprising a wire uniformly wound flat side by side around a length of a thin strip of material, wherein a flat surface of the transmitter coil lies along a boundary, wherein each winding of the uniformly wound wire is aligned with the boundary;
the signal generator generating an activation signal comprising digital data and the modulator modulating the activation signal onto carrier waves;
the signal generator transmitting the modulated activation signal through the transmitter coil, the transmitting the modulated activation signal generating a uniform magnetic field within a region around the transmitter coil and defining a first detection area of the region and a second detection area of the region, the transmitting and the generating including emphasizing a first portion of the carrier waves;
the receiver travelling through the region, the receiver using information of the emphasized first portion to detect a first polarity of the uniform magnetic field in the first detection area and a second polarity of the uniform magnetic field in the second detection area, the second polarity comprising a reversal of the first polarity.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the thin strip of material comprises non-magnetic material.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the thin strip of material comprises magnetic material.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the thin strip of material comprises a rectangular strip of material.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The system of claim 4, wherein the length of the thin rectangular strip of material is approximately 16.7 inches.

### Claim 6 (depends on 4)

The system of claim 4, wherein a width of the thin rectangular strip of material is approximately 2.4 inches.

### Claim 7 (depends on 4)

The system of claim 4, wherein a height of the thin rectangular strip of material is approximately 0.25 inches, wherein the height corresponds to an aperture of the transmitter coil.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the uniformly wound wire comprises 18 gauge wire.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the uniformly wound wire comprises 20 gauge wire.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the uniformly wound wire is uniformly wound flat side by side around the length of the thin strip of material in a configuration of seventy five turns.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the uniformly wound wire is uniformly wound side around the length of the thin strip of material in a configuration of sixty turns.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the centerline of the transmitter coil is approximately orthogonal to a plane, wherein the first detection area occupies an area on a first side of the plane, wherein the second detection area occupies an area on a second side of the plane.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the boundary comprises a threshold.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the boundary comprises a straight line.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the thin strip of the material comprises a plurality of thin strips.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The system of claim 15, wherein each strip of the plurality of thin strips is rectangular.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The system of claim 16, wherein a length of each strip of the plurality of thin strips is approximately 3.9 inches, a width of each strip of the plurality of thin strips is approximately 2.4 inches, and a height of each strip of the plurality of thin strips is approximately 0.25 inches.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The system of claim 17, wherein the plurality of thin strips are aligned along their lengths and are spaced approximately 0.5 inches apart.

### Claim 19 (depends on 15)

The system of claim 15, wherein the transmitter coil comprises a plurality of coils, wherein each coil of the plurality of coils comprises a wire uniformly wound flat side by side around a corresponding length of the plurality of thin strips of material, wherein a corresponding flat surface of each coil lies along the boundary, wherein each winding of the uniformly wound wire of each coil is aligned with the boundary.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The system of claim 19, wherein the plurality of coils are wired in series.

### Claim 21 (depends on 20)

The system of claim 20, wherein centerlines of the plurality of coils are approximately parallel with each other, wherein the centerlines of the plurality of coils are approximately orthogonal to a plane, wherein the first detection area occupies an area on a first side of the plane, wherein the second detection area occupies an area on a second side of the plane.

### Claim 22 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, the travelling through the region comprising passing over the transmitter coil.

### Claim 23 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the boundary defines the first detection area and the second detection area.

### Claim 24 (depends on 23)

The system of claim 23, wherein flux lines of the uniform magnetic field travel along pathways in the first detection area corresponding to the first polarity.

### Claim 25 (depends on 24)

The system of claim 24, wherein flux lines of the uniform magnetic field travel along pathways in the second detection area corresponding to the second polarity.

### Claim 26 (depends on 25)

The system of claim 25, the receiver detecting the first polarity comprising indicating a position of the receiver in the first detection area.

### Claim 27 (depends on 26)

The system of claim 26, the receiver detecting the second polarity comprising indicating a position of the receiver in the second detection area.

### Claim 28 (depends on 27)

The system of claim 27, the receiver detecting the second polarity indicating a first boundary crossing event.

### Claim 29 (depends on 28)

The system of claim 28, the first boundary crossing event including the receiver transitioning through the boundary from the first detection area to the second detection area.

### Claim 30 (depends on 29)

The system of claim 29, the receiver including a stimulus generator, the stimulus generator applying a stimulus upon the receiver detecting the second polarity, the stimulus generator applying the stimulus until the receiver again detects the first polarity.

### Claim 31 (depends on 30)

The system of claim 30, the applying the stimulus including applying the stimulus to an animal wearing the receiver.

### Claim 32 (depends on 30)

The system of claim 30, the receiver again detecting the first polarity comprising indicating a second boundary crossing event.

### Claim 33 (depends on 32)

The system of claim 32, the second boundary crossing event including the receiver transitioning through the boundary back from the second detection area to the first detection area.

### Claim 34 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the uniform magnetic field comprises a north pole and a south pole, wherein magnetic flux lines exit the transmitter coil proximate the north pole and enter the transmitter coil proximate the south pole.

### Claim 35 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, the activation signal comprising operating instructions for the receiver, the operating instructions including one or more of identifying information of the transmitter coil and operational parameters of the receiver.

### Claim 36 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, the digital data comprising a plurality of data packets.

### Claim 37 (depends on 36)

The system of claim 36, the modulating the activation signal onto the carrier waves including modulating each data packet of the plurality of data packets onto a corresponding plurality of carrier waves, the carrier waves including the corresponding plurality of carrier waves.

### Claim 38 (depends on 37)

The system of claim 37, the emphasizing the first portion of the carrier waves including emphasizing at least one portion of each corresponding plurality of carrier waves.

### Claim 39 (depends on 38)

The system of claim 38, the at least one portion of each corresponding plurality of carrier waves comprising at least one initial carrier wave of the corresponding plurality of carrier waves.

### Claim 40 (depends on 39)

The system of claim 39, the signal generator determining a direction for the at least one initial carrier wave.

### Claim 41 (depends on 40)

The system of claim 40, wherein the direction of the at least one initial carrier wave comprises a positive direction.

### Claim 42 (depends on 41)

The system of claim 41, the transmitting the emphasized first portion including increasing a strength of the magnetic field corresponding to the at least one portion of each corresponding plurality of carrier waves.

### Claim 43 (depends on 42)

The system of claim 42, the increasing the strength of the magnetic field comprising increasing the current driven through the transmitter coil when transmitting the emphasized first portion.

### Claim 44 (depends on 43)

The system of claim 43, the increasing the current driven through the transmitter coil comprising increasing an amplitude of a corresponding induced voltage.

### Claim 45 (depends on 44)

The system of claim 44, the receiver using information of the emphasized first portion to detect the first polarity and the second polarity, wherein the using the information includes one or more inductor coils of the receiver detecting the corresponding induced voltage.

### Claim 46 (depends on 45)

The system of claim 45, wherein the one or more inductor coils comprise three mutually orthogonal inductor coils, wherein the receiver uses a three axis accelerometer to determine the orientation of the one or more inductor coils relative to the three axis accelerometer.

### Claim 47 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the transmitter includes a motion sensing detection device.

### Claim 48 (depends on 47)

The system of claim 47, wherein the motion sensing device includes at least one of a passive infrared (PIR) motion sensing detection device, a doppler microwave radar motion sensing detection device, and a capacitive proximity sensing motion sensing detection device.

### Claim 49 (depends on 48)

The system of claim 48, wherein the signal generator transmits at either a high or low transmission rate.

### Claim 50 (depends on 49)

The system of claim 49, wherein the low transmission rate comprises no transmission.

### Claim 51 (depends on 49)

The system of claim 49, wherein the motion sensing detection device detects motion of one or more objects.

### Claim 52 (depends on 51)

The system of claim 51, wherein the one or more objects includes an animal wearing the receiver.

### Claim 53 (depends on 52)

The system of claim 52, wherein the motion sensing detection device detects the motion in a vicinity of the transmitter.

### Claim 54 (depends on 53)

The system of claim 53, wherein the vicinity includes at least a portion of the first detection area and the second detection area.

### Claim 55 (depends on 53)

The system of claim 53, wherein the vicinity includes the region.

### Claim 56 (depends on 53)

The system of claim 53, wherein the vicinity includes an area larger than the region.

### Claim 57 (depends on 53)

The system of claim 53, wherein the signal generator transitions from the low transmission rate to the high transmission rate when the motion sensing detection device detects the motion.

### Claim 58 (depends on 57)

The system of claim 57, wherein each of the low transmission rate and the high transmission rate corresponds to a maximum rate of speed for detection of the one or more obj ects.

### Claim 59 (depends on 58)

The system of claim 58, wherein the maximum rate of speed for detection includes the rate of speed above which the receiver no longer detects sufficient information of the emphasized first portion to detect the first polarity and the second polarity.

### Claim 60 (depends on 59)

The system of claim 59, wherein the transitioning from the low transmission rate to the high transmission rate comprises increasing the maximum rate of speed for detection of the one or more objects.

### Claim 61 (depends on 60)

The system of claim 60, wherein the signal generator transitions from the high transmission rate to the low transmission rate when the motion sensing detection device detects no motion for a period of time.

### Claim 62 (depends on 61)

The system of claim 61, the transitioning between transmission states using detected motion information of the motion sensing detection device increasing an operational life of a battery of the transmitter unit, wherein the transmission states include the low transmission rate and the high transmission rate.

### Claim 63 (depends on 62)

The system of claim 62, the transitioning between transmission states using detected motion information of the motion sensing detection device increasing an operational life of a battery of the transmitter by approximately a factor of five.

### Claim 64

A system comprising:
a transmitter unit and a receiver, the transmitter unit comprising a transmitter coil, a signal generator, and a modulator;
the transmitter coil comprising a wire uniformly wound side by side around a length of a thin strip of material, wherein a surface of the transmitter coil lies along a boundary, wherein each winding of the uniformly wound wire is aligned with the boundary;
the signal generator generating an activation signal comprising digital data and the modulator modulating the activation signal onto carrier waves;
the signal generator transmitting the modulated activation signal through the transmitter coil, the transmitting the modulated activation signal generating a uniform magnetic field within a region around the transmitter coil and defining a first detection area of the region and a second detection area of the region, the transmitting and the generating including emphasizing a first portion of the carrier waves, wherein the uniform magnetic field includes flux lines travelling in a first direction in the first detection area and a second direction in the second detection area, wherein the first direction is different than the second direction;
the receiver travelling through the region, the receiver using information of the emphasized first portion to detect a first polarity of the uniform magnetic field in the first detection area and a second polarity of the uniform magnetic field in the second detection area, the second polarity comprising a reversal of the first polarity, wherein detecting the reversal comprises the receiver transitioning across the boundary from the first detection area to the second detection area.

### Claim 65 (depends on 64)

The system of claim 64, the system including detecting motion of one or more objects in a vicinity of the transmitter coil using a motion sensing detection device, wherein the vicinity includes the region, wherein the one or more objects include the receiver.

### Claim 66 (depends on 65)

The system of claim 65, transmitting the modulated activation signal at a first rate when the motion is detected and otherwise at a second rate, wherein the first rate is different than the second rate.

### Claim 67

A method comprising:
placing a transmitter coil at a boundary, the transmitter coil comprising a wire uniformly wound flat side by side around a length of a thin strip of material, wherein a flat surface of the transmitter coil lies along a boundary, wherein each winding of the uniformly wound wire is aligned with the boundary;
generating an activation signal comprising a plurality of data packets;
modulating the activation signal onto carrier waves, wherein the carrier waves comprise the plurality of data packets;
transmitting the modulated activation signal through the transmitter coil, the transmitting the modulated activation signal generating a uniform magnetic field within a region around the transmitter coil and defining a first detection area of the region and a second detection area of the region, the transmitting and the generating including emphasizing a first portion of the carrier waves;
detecting motion of one or more objects in a vicinity of the transmitter coil using a motion sensing detection device, wherein the vicinity includes the region;
transmitting the modulated activation signal at a first rate when the motion is detected and otherwise at a second rate, wherein the first rate is different than the second rate;
using information detected by a receiver passing through the region including information of the emphasized first portion to determine a first polarity of the uniform magnetic field in the first detection area and a second polarity of the uniform magnetic field in the second detection area, the second polarity comprising a reversal of the first polarity, wherein detecting the reversal comprises a transition through the boundary from the first detection area to the second detection area, wherein the detecting the reversal comprises applying a stimulus to an animal wearing the receiver.

### Claim 68

A method comprising:
placing a transmitter coil at a boundary, the transmitter coil comprising a wire uniformly wound flat side by side around a length of a thin strip of material, wherein a flat surface of the transmitter coil lies along a boundary, wherein each winding of the uniformly wound wire is aligned with the boundary;
generating an activation signal comprising a plurality of data packets;
modulating the activation signal onto carrier waves, wherein the carrier waves comprise a plurality of data packets;
transmitting the modulated activation signal through the transmitter coil, the transmitting the modulated activation signal generating a uniform magnetic field within a region around the transmitter coil and defining a first detection area of the region and a second detection area of the region, the transmitting and the generating including emphasizing a first portion of the carrier waves; and
using information detected by a receiver passing through the region including information of the emphasized first portion to detect a first polarity of the uniform magnetic field in the first detection area and a second polarity of the uniform magnetic field in the second detection area, the second polarity comprising a reversal of the first polarity, wherein detecting the reversal comprises a transition across the boundary from the first detection area to the second detection area, wherein flux lines of the uniform magnetic field travel along pathways in the first detection area corresponding to the first polarity and along pathways in the second detection area corresponding to the second polarity.