Floor coverings with universal backing and methods of making, installing, and recycling

A method of manufacturing a recyclable floor covering having a universal reinforcing backing layer which can be applied to both broadloom and modular floor coverings, the method comprising the steps of:

• providing a tufted textile substrate having a primary backing substrate extending in a first direction and a plurality of yarns tufted through the primary backing substrate, the primary backing substrate having a face side and a back side opposite the face side, a portion of each yarn forming a stitch portion having an end that is located on the back side of the primary backing substrate, and an interstitial space existing between the ends of stitch portions;
• moving the tufted textile substrate relative to an applicator and providing space between the stitch portions of the yarns and the applicator;
• providing a composition having a mixture of a dissolvable adhesive and reinforcement fibers;
• applying pressure in a controlled manner between the applicator and tufted textile substrate and forcing the dissolvable adhesive and reinforcement fiber composition in a second direction that is toward the back side of the primary backing substrate;
• aligning the fibers to lay predominately in the first direction such that the reinforcement fibers form a reinforcement layer of fibers that is substantially parallel to the first direction;
• providing filtration of the composition for separating the adhesive from the reinforcement fibers and forcing dissolvable adhesive into the interstitial spaces between the ends of stitch portions for forming a dissolvable, fiber free, layer of adhesive between the reinforcement layer of fibers and the primary backing substrate, and laminating the reinforcement layer of fibers together with the adhesive for forming a reinforcement layer of the fibers that is substantially parallel to the first direction;
• and
• curing the reinforcement layer of fibers and dissolvable adhesive;
• wherein the dissolvable adhesive allows recycling the floor covering when necessary by dissolving the adhesive between the reinforcement layer of fibers and the backing substrate for allowing the yarns, textile substrate, reinforcement fibers, and adhesive to be separated and recycled.