# US 9,439,167 B2 · Methods and apparatus for mobile station location estimation

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- Number: US 9,439,167 B2
- Document ID: US9439167B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 14/217,571
- Filed: 2014-03-18
- Published: 2014-07-31
- Granted: 2016-09-06
- Earliest claimed: 2001-04-03
- Assignees: AT&T Mobility II LLC
- Applicants: AT&T Mobility II LLC
- Inventors: Alan Denis MacDonald; Marc W. Sather; John Lawrence Snapp
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9439167B2

## CPC

- H04W 4/026: {using orientation information, e.g. compass}
- G01S 5/0252: {Radio frequency fingerprinting}
- H04B 17/318: Received signal strength
- H04L 43/16: Threshold monitoring
- H04W 4/90: Services for handling of emergency or hazardous situations, e.g. earthquake and tsunami warning systems [ETWS]
- H04W 64/00: Locating users or terminals {or network equipment} for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
- H04W 64/003: {locating network equipment}
- H04W 88/14: Backbone network devices
- H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72)
- G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- H04B: TRANSMISSION
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)

## Abstract

Methods and apparatus for estimating mobile station location include receiving reported signal strengths or other attachment indicator values from a mobile station. The reported signal strengths are compared with characteristic received signal strength values in a coverage area of a mobile network. A mobile switching center determines if a local function is requested and initiates a location estimation process by a mobile location module (MLM). The MLM receives the reported signal strength contours associated with the attachment points. Based on a comparison of the reported attachment indicator values with characteristic values, the MLM provides a mobile location estimate.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for determining a representative location of a mobile communication device, the method comprising:
defining, by a processor in the mobile communication device, a first zone and a second zone, the first zone being a coverage area of a cell serving the mobile communication device, the second zone being defined based on strength of signals received from the cell and from two adjacent cells;
obtaining, from a locating unit, instantaneous location coordinates corresponding to the mobile communication device and corresponding to a plurality of times;
calculating, by the processor in the mobile communication device, average location coordinates corresponding to a plurality of time periods, wherein the plurality of time periods correspond to a sliding time window, and wherein each of the plurality of time periods includes certain of the instantaneous location coordinates;
calculating, by the processor, error values corresponding to the plurality of times, the error values indicating deviations between the instantaneous location coordinates and respective ones of the average location coordinates;
determining, by the processor, a first location of the mobile communication device at one of the plurality of times, wherein the first location is based on whether a selected one of the error values, representative of an error at the one of the plurality of times, is within an error threshold, and wherein the first location is based at least in part on:
the instantaneous location coordinates if the one of the error values is within the error threshold, and
stored location coordinates if the selected one of the error values is not within the error threshold; and
determining, by the processor, the representative location of the mobile communication device based on whether the first location is within at least one of the first zone and the second zone.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the selected one of the error values is a largest one of the error values in one of the plurality of time periods associated with the one of the plurality of times.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising determining, by the processor, the representative location of the mobile communication device based on the first location if the first location is within the first zone.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising determining, by the processor, the representative location of the mobile communication device based on the first location if the first location is within the first zone and the second zone.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising determining, by the processor, the representative location of the mobile communication device based on the second zone if the first location is not within the first zone.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising determining, by the processor, a level of confidence associated with the representative location of the mobile communication device, wherein the level of confidence is based on whether the first location is within at least one of the first zone and the second zone.

### Claim 7

A location system for determining a representative location of a mobile communication device, the location system comprising:
a processor; and
a tangible non-transitory computer-readable storage device storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
defining a first zone and a second zone, the first zone being a coverage area of a cell serving the mobile communication device, the second zone being defined based on strength of signals received from the cell and from two adjacent cells,
obtaining, from a locating unit, instantaneous location coordinates corresponding to the mobile communication device and corresponding to a plurality of times,
calculating average location coordinates corresponding to a plurality of time periods, wherein the plurality of time periods correspond to a sliding time window, and wherein each of the plurality of time periods includes certain of the instantaneous location coordinates,
calculating error values corresponding to the plurality of times, the error values indicating deviations between the instantaneous location coordinates and the average location coordinates,
determining a first location of the mobile communication device at one of the plurality of times, wherein the first location is based on whether a selected one of the error values, representative of an error at the one of the plurality of times, is within an error threshold, and wherein the first location is based at least in part on:
the instantaneous location coordinates if the one of the error values is within the error threshold, and
stored location coordinates if the selected one of the error values is not within the error threshold, and
determining the representative location of the mobile communication device based on whether the first location is within at least one of the first zone and the second zone.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The location system of claim 7, wherein the operations further comprise determining, if the first location is within the second zone, the representative location of the mobile communication device based on the first location.

### Claim 9 (depends on 7)

The location system of claim 7, wherein the operations further comprise determining, if the first location is not within the first zone, the representative location of the mobile communication device based on the second zone.

### Claim 10 (depends on 7)

The location system of claim 7, wherein the selected one of the error values is a largest of the error values in one of the plurality of time periods that is associated with the one of the plurality of times.

### Claim 11 (depends on 7)

The location system of claim 7, wherein the operations further comprise determining a level of confidence associated with the representative location of the mobile communication device, wherein the level of confidence is based on whether the first location is within at least one of the first zone and the second zone.

### Claim 12

A tangible non-transitory computer-readable storage device having computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
defining a first zone and a second zone, the first zone being a coverage area of a cell serving a mobile communication device, the second zone being defined based on strength of signals received from the cell and from two adjacent cells;
obtaining, from a locating unit, instantaneous location coordinates corresponding to the mobile communication device and corresponding to a plurality of times;
calculating average location coordinates corresponding to a plurality of time periods, wherein the plurality of time periods correspond to a sliding time window, and wherein each of the plurality of time periods includes certain of the instantaneous location coordinates;
calculating error values corresponding to the plurality of times, the error values indicating deviations between the instantaneous location coordinates and respective ones of the average location coordinates;
determining a first location of the mobile communication device at one of the plurality of times, wherein the first location is based on whether a selected one of the error values, representative of an error at the one of the plurality of times, is within an error threshold, and wherein the first location is based in part on:
the instantaneous location coordinates if the one of the error values is within the error threshold, and
stored location coordinates if the selected one of the error values is not within the error threshold; and
determining a representative location of the mobile communication device based on whether the first location is within at least one of the first zone and the second zone.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The tangible non-transitory computer-readable storage device of claim 12, wherein determining the representative location of the mobile communication device is based on:
the first location if the first location is within the first zone;
the first location if the first location is within the first zone and the second zone; and
the second zone if the first location is not within the first zone.

### Claim 14 (depends on 12)

The tangible non-transitory computer-readable storage device of claim 12, wherein the operations further comprise determining a level of confidence associated with the representative location of the mobile communication device, wherein the level of confidence is based on whether the first location is within at least one of the first zone and the second zone.