# US 9,439,121 B2 · Method and apparatus for multi-network communication in vehicular networks > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 9,439,121 B2 - Document ID: US9439121B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/004,670 - Filed: 2016-01-22 - Published: 2016-05-26 - Granted: 2016-09-06 - Earliest claimed: 2013-08-05 - Assignees: Universidade De Aveiro; Instituto De TelecomunicaçõEs; Veniam, Unipessoal Lda - Applicants: Universidade De Aveiro; Instituto De TelecomunicaçõEs; Veniam, Unipessoal Lda - Inventors: Susana Isabel Barreto De Miranda Sargento; André Amorim De Faria Cardote; João Francisco Cordeiro De Oliveira Barros; Ricardo Jorge Magalhães De Matos; Filipe Manuel Almeida Neves; Jorge Filipe Dias; Carlos Eduardo Braga Ameixieira - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9439121B2 ## CPC - H04W 48/16: Discovering, processing access restriction or access information - H04W 36/1446: {wherein at least one of the networks is unlicensed} - H04W 36/302: {due to low signal strength} - H04W 36/322: {by location data} - H04W 48/04: based on user or terminal location or mobility data, e.g. moving direction, speed - H04W 84/005: {Moving wireless networks} - H04W 84/042: {Public Land Mobile systems, e.g. cellular systems} - H04W 84/12: WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks] - H04W 84/22: with access to wired networks - H04W 88/04: adapted for relaying to or from another terminal or user - H04W 88/06: adapted for operation in multiple networks {or having at least two operational modes}, e.g. multi-mode terminals - H04W 88/10: adapted for operation in multiple networks, e.g. multi-mode access points - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) ## Abstract Wireless network data router for a vehicle, and operating method thereof, comprising: a multi-connection interface for wireless access in vehicular environments, herewith WAVE; a wireless local area network, herewith Wi-Fi, interface; a mobile network data interface; a downlink data connection for the vehicle and/or users in the vehicle and its vicinity; a data processing unit for routing data between said interfaces; wherein the data processing unit is configured to: calculate a score for each reachable network on the WAVE, Wi-Fi and mobile network interfaces; switch the uplink connection of the wireless network data router to the reachable network with the best score. Also a wireless network data router for vehicles for connecting vehicles to the Internet through a multi-network device, said router being a mobile router suitable to form a mesh network of connected vehicles, wherein the router is arranged for using parked cars for redistributing Wi-Fi signal from fixed hotspots. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A mobile wireless network data router configured to connect vehicles to an Internet infrastructure through a multi-technology network device; wherein the router is configured to form a mesh network of vehicles connected to the infrastructure, wherein the router is configured to redistribute a Wi-Fi signal from a fixed hotspot among a plurality of parked vehicles, and wherein a expected contact time between the network data router of a vehicle i and a reachable network j of another vehicle or Wi-Fi hotspot or roadside unit (“RSU”), is derived from a formula comprising: - ( a · c + b · d ) ± ( c 2 + d 2 ) · R 2 + ( b · c - a · d ) 2 c 2 + d 2 wherein, a=xj(0)−xi(0) b=yj(0)−yi(0) c=vj·cos(θj)−vi·cos(θi) d=vj·sin(θj)−vi·sin(θi) and further wherein x and y are, respectively, the positions of the vehicles or Wi-Fi hotspots or RSUs in a Cartesian coordinate system, v represents a speed of vehicles and is equal to 0 for Wi-Fi hotspots or RSUs, wherein 8 is the angle formed with the road in which the vehicle is traveling, and R is the radio communication range of Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (“WAVE”) or Wi-Fi connections. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The wireless network data router of claim 1, wherein the router is further configured to connect vehicles between themselves to perform Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (“WAVE”) through Dedicated Short Range Communications (“DSRC”) and connect to the infrastructure through cellular or other wireless connections, and wherein the router is further configured with a connection manager that selects active technologies by seamlessly switching between technologies according to the position and quality of reachable networks. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The wireless network data router of claim 2, further comprising: a multi-connection interface for the WAVE; a wireless local area network interface; a mobile network data interface; a downlink data connection interface for the vehicle and/or users in the vehicle and the vehicle's vicinity; and a data processing unit configured to rout data between the interfaces; wherein the data processing unit is further configured to: calculate a score for each reachable network on the WAVE, wireless local area network and mobile network interfaces; switch an uplink connection of the wireless network data router to the reachable network with a respective score within a threshold of scores (the “best score”). ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The wireless network data router of claim 3, wherein the score is weighted as a function of parameters including: signal strength, number of hops to reach a wired infrastructure, node density, and expected contact time. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The wireless network data router of claim 4, wherein the weighted scoring is based on an analytic hierarchy process (“AHP”), wherein the parameters of number of hops to reach a wired infrastructure, of node density, and of expected contact time are grouped in a backdrop parameter group representing an AHP criteria group. ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) The wireless network data router of claim 4, wherein the node density parameter is calculated by dividing the number of connected nodes by the number of maximum nodes in a reachable network. ### Claim 7 (depends on 4) The wireless network data router of claim 4, wherein the scoring weights are differentiated according to the current vehicle speed. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The wireless network data router of claim 7, wherein the scoring weights are differentiated according to one of three classes of current vehicle speed: stopped or moving below a first predetermined speed; moving above a first predetermined speed and below a second predetermined speed; or moving above a second predetermined speed; where the first predetermined speed is below the second predetermined speed. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) The wireless network data router of claim 7, wherein the weighting scores are differentiated according to at least one of two classes of current vehicle speed: stopped or moving under a first predetermined speed; or moving over a first predetermined speed. ### Claim 10 (depends on 4) The wireless network data router of claim 4, wherein the score is a fuzzy logic weighted scoring. ### Claim 11 (depends on 4) The wireless network data router of claim 4, wherein the weighted scoring further includes a weight specific to each of the interfaces. ### Claim 12 (depends on 4) The wireless network data router of claim 4 wherein when the car is parked, the data processing unit is further configured to adjust the mobile network data interface weight to a value that prevents the data processing unit from selecting the mobile network data interface. ### Claim 13 (depends on 4) The wireless network data router of claim 4, wherein the data processing unit is further configured to refrain from switching the uplink connection of the wireless network data router to the reachable network with the best score until the sore of the reachable network with the best score is higher than the current network score by a predetermined hysteresis threshold. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The wireless network data router of claim 1, wherein when the car is parked, the data processing unit is further configured to not use the mobile network data interface. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The wireless network data router of claim 1, wherein the multi-connection interface for wireless access in the WAVE is a DSRC interface comprising IEEE 802.11p. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The wireless network data router of claim 1, wherein the Wi-Fi interface is an IEEE 802.11a/b/g and/or 802.11n interface. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The wireless network data router of claim 1, wherein the mobile network data interface is a 3G, 4G, LTE, Advanced LTE and/or WiMax interface. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The wireless network data router of claim 1, further comprising a downlink data connection interface for the vehicle and/or users in the vehicle and the vehicle's vicinity is a wireless local area network including Wi-Fi or Bluetooth. ### Claim 19 A mobile wireless network data router configured to connect vehicles to an Internet infrastructure through a multi-technology network device; wherein the router is configured to form a mesh network of vehicles connected to the infrastructure, wherein the router is configured to redistribute a Wi-Fi signal from a fixed hotspot among a plurality of parked vehicles, wherein the router is configured to calculate a score for each reachable network on Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (“WAVE”), wireless local area network and mobile network interfaces; wherein the score is weighted by optimizing, for a number of simulation scenarios, a fitness function that comprises: F = 1 - D tx - D rx D tx · α - D rx 3 ⁢ G D tx · β - N h · γ where Drx represents total data received, Dtx represents total data transmitted, D3Grx represents data received by at least one cellular network, and Nh represents a number of handovers performed, and where alpha α, beta β and gamma γ are coefficient weights of the fitness function F and where the coefficient weights are variable according to vehicle motion.