# US 9,438,970 B2 · Detector remodulator and optoelectronic switch > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 9,438,970 B2 - Document ID: US9438970B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 14/827,200 - Filed: 2015-08-14 - Published: 2016-03-17 - Granted: 2016-09-06 - Earliest claimed: 2014-02-24 - Assignees: Rockley Photonics Limited - Applicants: Rockley Photonics, Limited - Inventors: Haydn Frederick Jones; Andrew George Rickman; Aaron Zilkie; Nathan Farrington - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9438970B2 ## CPC - H04Q 11/0071: {Provisions for the electrical-optical layer interface} - G02B 6/12019: {characterised by the optical interconnection to or from the AWG devices, e.g. integration or coupling with lasers or photodiodes (coupling integrated waveguide to fibre G02B6/30, to optoelectronic element G02B6/42; monolithic integration of integrated waveguides with other optical elements G02B6/12004)} - G02B 6/12021: {Comprising cascaded AWG devices; AWG multipass configuration; Plural AWG devices integrated on a single chip} - G02F 1/025: in an optical waveguide structure (G02F1/017, {G02F1/2257} take precedence) - G02F 1/2257: {the optical waveguides being made of semiconducting material} - H04B 10/29: Repeaters - H04B 10/505: {using external modulation} - H04Q 11/0005: {Switch and router aspects} - G02F 1/0157: {using electro-absorption effects, e.g. Franz-Keldysh [FK] effect or quantum confined stark effect [QCSE]} - G02F 1/212: {Mach-Zehnder type} - G02F 1/213: {Fabry-Perot type} - G02F 2203/15: involving resonance effects, e.g. resonantly enhanced interaction - H04Q 2011/0011: {using wavelength conversion} - H04Q 2011/0016: {using wavelength multiplexing or demultiplexing} - H04Q 2011/0018: {using tunable transmitters or receivers} - H04Q 2011/0032: {using static wavelength routers (e.g. arrayed waveguide grating router [AWGR] )} - H04Q 2011/0039: {Electrical control} - H04Q: SELECTING (switches, relays, selectors H01H; wireless communication networks H04W) - G02B: OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS - G02F: OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS - H04B: TRANSMISSION ## Abstract An optoelectronic packet switch comprising: switch input(s) for receiving optical packet signals; a passive optical router; a control unit; and a plurality of detector-remodulators (DRMs) configured to receive signals from the switch input(s) and to generate modulated optical signals for transmission to the input ports of the passive optical router. Each DRM comprising: detector(s) for converting an optical packet-signal received at the switch input(s) into an electrical packet-signal; modulator(s) for generating the modulated optical signals. Each modulator configured to: receive a wavelength-tuned input from a tunable laser; receive the electrical packet-signal from one of the detectors; and to generate a modulated optical signal at the tuned wavelength, the modulated signal containing the information of the electric packet-signal and the tuned wavelength chosen to select an output port of the passive optical router for the modulated optical signal; and an electronic circuit connecting each of the detector(s) to a corresponding modulator. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An optoelectronic packet switch comprising: one or more switch input(s) for receiving optical packet signals; a passive optical router having input ports and output ports, the optical paths between which are wavelength dependent; a switch control unit; and a plurality of detector remodulators (DRMs) configured to receive optical signals from the one or more switch input(s) and to generate modulated optical signals for transmission to the input ports of the passive optical router, each detector remodulator (DRM) comprising: one or more detectors for converting an optical packet signal received at the one or more switch input(s) into an electrical packet signal; one or more modulators for generating the modulated optical signals, each modulator configured to: receive a wavelength tuned laser input from a tunable laser; receive the electrical packet signal from one of the detectors; and to generate a modulated optical signal at the tuned wavelength, the modulated optical signal containing the information of the electric packet signal and the tuned wavelength chosen to select a desired output port of the passive optical router for the modulated optical signal; and an electronic circuit connecting each of the one or more detectors to a corresponding modulator; wherein each of the one or more modulators is a separate component from the tunable laser that provides its wavelength tuned laser input; and wherein the switch control unit includes a scheduler which is communicably connected to the electronic circuit of each DRM; the electronic circuit configured to control the generation of the modulated optical signal by the modulator based on scheduling information received from the switch control unit. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The optoelectronic packet switch of claim 1, wherein the electronic circuit of the DRM includes an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The optoelectronic packet switch of claim 1, wherein the electronic circuit of one or more of the DRMs includes a packet processor. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The optoelectronic packet switch of claim 1, wherein the switch control unit includes a packet processor. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The optoelectronic packet switch of claim 1 wherein the electronic circuit includes a wavelength tuner which controls the wavelength of the wavelength tuned laser input based on scheduling information received from the switch control unit. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The optoelectronic packet switch of claim 1, wherein the modulator includes a modulation region at which a semiconductor junction is set horizontally across the waveguide, the modulator region including: an electro-absorption material; a Mach-Zehnder modulator; a Fabry-Perot resonator cavity; or a ring-resonator. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The optoelectronic packet switch of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the electronic circuit of the DRM is an electrical chip in direct contact with a photonic chip which comprises the detector and the modulator. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The optoelectronic packet switch of any one of claim 1, wherein each detector remodulator is configured to split an input optical packet signal into a plurality of separate lanes which are processed by the electronic circuit of the DRM in parallel. ### Claim 9 A detector remodulator (DRM) comprising: one or more detectors for converting an optical packet signal into an electrical packet signal; one or more modulators, each modulator configured to: receive a wavelength tuned laser input from a tunable laser; receive an electrical packet signal from one of the detectors; and to generate a modulated optical signal at the tuned wavelength, the modulated optical signal containing the information of the electrical signal; and an electronic circuit connecting the detector and modulator, the electronic circuit containing means for controlling the generation of the modulated optical signal based on scheduling information from an external control unit; wherein the modulator is separate component from the tunable laser. ### Claim 10 A method of optical packet switching using a passive optical router having a plurality of input ports and a plurality of output ports, the method comprising the steps of: providing an optoelectronic packet switch comprising: one or more switch input(s) for receiving optical packet signals; a passive optical router having input ports and output ports, the optical paths between which are wavelength dependent; a switch control unit; and a plurality of detector remodulators configured to receive the optical input signals and to generate modulated optical signals for transmission to the input ports of the passive optical router; receiving at one or more of the detector remodulators an optical packet signal from the one or more switch input(s); converting each optical packet signal received into an electrical packet signal using one or more detectors of the one or more detector remodulators; receiving at the one or more detector remodulators a wavelength tuned laser input from a separate wavelength tunable laser; and generating at a modulator of the one or more detector remodulators a modulated optical signal at the tuned wavelength, the modulated optical signal containing the information of the electrical packet signal and having a wavelength chosen to result in a desired output port of the passive optical router; wherein the modulator is controlled via an electronic circuit which connects it to one of the one or more detectors and which controls the generation of the modulated optical signal based on scheduling information received from the switch control unit. ### Claim 11 An optoelectronic circuit switch comprising: one or more switch input(s) for receiving optical input signals; a passive optical router having input ports and output ports; a switch control unit; and a plurality of detector remodulators (DRMs) configured to receive optical signals from the switch input(s) and to generate modulated optical signals for transmission to the input ports of the passive optical router, each detector remodulator (DRM) comprising: one or more detectors for converting each optical signal received at the switch input(s) into an electrical signal; one or more modulators for generating the modulated optical signals, each modulator configured to: receive a wavelength tuned laser input from a tunable laser; receive the electrical signal from one of the detectors; and to generate a modulated optical signal at the tuned wavelength, the tuned wavelength chosen to select a desired output port of the passive optical router and the modulated optical signal containing the information of the electrical signal; and an electronic circuit connecting the detector and the modulator; wherein each of the one or more modulators is a separate component from the tunable laser that provides its wavelength tuned laser input; and wherein the switch control unit is communicably connected to the electronic circuit of each DRM, the electronic circuit configured to control the generation of the modulated optical signal by the modulator based on control information received from the switch control unit. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) A silicon-on-insulator chip including the switch of claim 1. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The silicon-on-insulator chip of claim 12, wherein the passive optical router of the switch is an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) and wherein the AWG is located in the same optical plane as the DRMs. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The silicon-on-insulator chip of claim 12, wherein the passive optical router and the DRMs are located on a single integrated photonic chip. ### Claim 15 (depends on 12) The silicon-on-insulator chip of claim 12, wherein the electronic circuit of the DRM is flip chip mounted onto the silicon-on-insulator chip. ### Claim 16 (depends on 12) The silicon-on-insulator chip of claim 12 comprising, in a planar arrangement: a first AWG having a plurality of inputs and a plurality of outputs; a first array of DRMs located at the input of the first AWG, each DRM in the first array having a tunable laser wavelength input; the first array of DRMs arranged such that the output of each DRM in the first array forms an input signal for the first AWG; a second AWG having a plurality of inputs and a plurality of outputs; a second array of DRMs located at the input to the second AWG; each DRM in the second array having a tunable laser wavelength input; the second array of DRMs arranged such that the output of each DRM in the second array forms an input signal for the second AWG; wherein each output of the first AWG forms an input signal for a respective DRM of the second array of DRMs. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The silicon-on-insulator chip of claim 16 wherein the first and second AWGs may be located in an end-to-end arrangement on the planar chip. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The silicon-on-insulator chip of claim 16 wherein the first and second AWGs may be positioned in a nested arrangement within the plane of the waveguides. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The silicon-on-insulator chip of claim 18, wherein each AWG has an arc-like shape, the first AWG having a smaller arc than the second AWG; wherein the first AWG is nested underneath the arc of the second AWG. ### Claim 20 (depends on 12) The silicon-on-insulator chip of claim 12 comprising, in a planar arrangement: a first array of DRMs; each DRM located at an input waveguide of the AWG, and each DRM coupled to a tunable laser which provides the input wavelength for its modulator; a second array of DRMs; each DRM located at an output waveguide of the AWG and each DRM coupled to a tunable laser which provides the wavelength tuned light input for its modulator; an optical demultiplexer, the output of which forms the input signals for the first array of DRMs; and an optical multiplexer, the inputs for which are the outputs of the second array of DRMs.