# US 9,438,883 B2 · Quality of experience reporting for combined unicast-multicast/broadcast streaming of media content

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- Number: US 9,438,883 B2
- Document ID: US9438883B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 13/628,340
- Filed: 2012-09-27
- Published: 2013-10-10
- Granted: 2016-09-06
- Earliest claimed: 2012-04-09
- Assignees: Intel Corporation
- Applicants: Intel Corporation
- Inventors: Ozgur Oyman
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9438883B2

## CPC

- H04N 13/194: Transmission of image signals
- H04L 5/0051: {of dedicated pilots, i.e. pilots destined for a single user or terminal}
- H04L 12/1863: {comprising mechanisms for improved reliability, e.g. status reports (arrangements for detecting or preventing errors by carrying supervisory signal the return channel H04L1/16)}
- H04L 51/58: Message adaptation for wireless communication
- H04L 65/1016: IP multimedia subsystem [IMS]
- H04L 65/1069: Session establishment or de-establishment
- H04L 65/60: Network streaming of media packets
- H04L 65/611: for multicast or broadcast (systems for broadcast or conference H04L12/18; arrangements for broadcast or distribution combined with broadcast H04H20/00; arrangements for broadcast applications with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time H04H60/00; selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS], H04W4/06)
- H04L 65/612: for unicast
- H04L 65/613: for the control of the source by the destination (control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components specially adapted for selective content distribution H04N21/637)
- H04L 65/65: Network streaming protocols, e.g. real-time transport protocol [RTP] or real-time control protocol [RTCP]
- H04L 65/70: Media network packetisation
- H04L 65/756: adapting media to device capabilities
- H04L 65/762: {at the source (reformatting of additional data in video distribution servers H04N21/2355)}
- H04L 65/80: Responding to QoS
- H04N 13/00: Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N 21/234309: {by transcoding between formats or standards, e.g. from MPEG-2 to MPEG-4 or from Quicktime to Realvideo (conversion of standards in analog television systems H04N7/01)}
- H04N 21/2353: {specifically adapted to content descriptors, e.g. coding, compressing or processing of metadata}
- H04N 21/2404: {Monitoring of server processing errors or hardware failure (error or fault detection G06F11/07; monitoring in general G06F11/30)}
- H04N 21/25825: {involving client display capabilities, e.g. screen resolution of a mobile phone (optimising the visualisation of content during browsing in the Internet G06F16/9577; processing of terminal status or physical abilities in wireless networks H04W8/22; authentication in wireless network security H04W12/06)}
- H04N 21/25833: {involving client hardware characteristics, e.g. manufacturer, processing or storage capabilities (allocation of resources considering hardware capabilities in multiprogramming arrangements G06F9/5044; allocation of resources considering software capabilities in multiprogramming arrangements G06F9/5055)}
- H04N 21/26258: {for generating a list of items to be played back in a given order, e.g. playlist, or scheduling item distribution according to such list (retrieval of multimedia data based on playlists G06F16/40)}
- H04N 21/44209: {Monitoring of downstream path of the transmission network originating from a server, e.g. bandwidth variations of a wireless network (arrangements for maintenance or administration in data switching networks involving bandwidth and capacity management H04L41/0896)}
- H04N 21/4424: {Monitoring of the internal components or processes of the client device, e.g. CPU or memory load, processing speed, timer, counter or percentage of the hard disk space used (error monitoring in general G06F11/30; arrangements for monitoring conditions of receiving stations in broadcast systems H04H60/32; diagnosis, testing or measuring for television receivers H04N17/04)}
- H04N 21/6125: {involving transmission via Internet (transmission by internet of broadcast information H04H60/82)}
- H04N 21/6131: {involving transmission via a mobile phone network (wireless downlink channel access H04W74/006)}
- H04N 21/643: Communication protocols {(network streaming protocols, e.g. real-time transport protocol [RTP] or real-time control protocol [RTCP], H04L65/65)}
- H04N 21/6437: Real-time Transport Protocol [RTP]
- H04N 21/816: {involving special video data, e.g 3D video}
- H04N 21/8456: {by decomposing the content in the time domain, e.g. in time segments}
- H04W 4/06: Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
- H04W 4/14: Short messaging services, e.g. short message services [SMS] or unstructured supplementary service data [USSD]
- H04W 4/50: Service provisioning or reconfiguring
- H04W 60/04: using triggered events
- H04W 76/16: Involving different core network technologies, e.g. a packet-switched [PS] bearer in combination with a circuit-switched [CS] bearer
- H04L 12/189: {in combination with wireless systems (selective distribution or broadcast in wireless communication networks H04W4/06)}
- H04N 19/105: Selection of the reference unit for prediction within a chosen coding or prediction mode, e.g. adaptive choice of position and number of pixels used for prediction
- H04N 19/147: according to rate distortion criteria (rate-distortion as a criterion for motion estimation H04N19/567)
- H04N 19/196: being specially adapted for the computation of encoding parameters, e.g. by averaging previously computed encoding parameters (processing of motion vectors H04N19/513)
- H04N 19/44: Decoders specially adapted therefor, e.g. video decoders which are asymmetric with respect to the encoder
- H04N 19/46: Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process (H04N19/517, H04N19/68, H04N19/70 take precedence)
- H04N 19/463: by compressing encoding parameters before transmission
- H04N 19/597: specially adapted for multi-view video sequence encoding
- H04N 19/70: characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards
- H04N 19/80: Details of filtering operations specially adapted for video compression, e.g. for pixel interpolation (H04N19/635, H04N19/86 take precedence)
- H04W 76/12: Setup of transport tunnels
- H04W 76/40: for selective distribution or broadcast
- Y02D 30/70: in wireless communication networks
- H04N: PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)
- H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72)
- Y02D: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE

## Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure describe devices, methods, computer-readable media and systems configurations for monitoring and reporting quality of experience (QoE) metrics that are associated with an access method. Other embodiments may be described and claimed.

## Claims

### Claim 1

One or more non-transitory computer readable media having instructions that, when executed, cause a dynamic adaptive streaming over hypertext transfer protocol (DASH) client on a user equipment (UE) to:
download, by a processor of the UE, segments of a media stream from a server, the segments being DASH segments provided to the DASH client by a unicast access method or a broadcast access method, the segments to be received at the UE by a transceiver of a network interface and placed in memory of the UE;
record, in the memory of the UE while monitoring download and playback of the segments of the media stream, a quality of experience (QoE) metric related to playback of the segments of the media stream, wherein the QoE metric includes an indication of a switch to the unicast access method or the broadcast access method; and
transmit, from the UE using the transceiver of the network interface, the QoE metric to a QoE reporting server,
wherein the QoE metric comprises a playlist metric to log a list of playlist elements for one or more playback periods in a measurement interval and the list of playlist elements includes a stop-reason parameter that includes the indication of the switch as a reason why a continuous presentation of a representation of the media stream was stopped.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 1, wherein the broadcast access method is a multimedia broadcast/multicast service (MBMS) or file delivery over unidirectional transport (FLUTE)-based access method and the unicast access method is a hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)-based access method.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the DASH client to:
obtain a reporting trigger in a media presentation description (MPD), an open mobile alliance (OMA) device management (DM) QoE management object, or in a session description protocol (SDP) message; and
transmit the QoE metric based on the reporting trigger.

### Claim 4

An apparatus comprising:
a media player having a processor to download segments of a media stream from a server, the segments provided by a unicast access method or a broadcast access method;
a quality of experience (QoE) monitoring module coupled to the media player, the QoE monitoring module to:
record, in memory of the apparatus while monitoring download and playback the segments of the media stream, a QoE metric related to the playback of the segments of the media stream, wherein the QoE metric includes an indication of a switch to the unicast access method or the broadcast access method; and
transmit the QoE metric to a QoE reporting server,
wherein the QoE metric comprises a playlist metric to log a list of playlist elements for one or more playback periods in a measurement interval and the list of playlist elements includes a stop-reason parameter that includes the indication of the switch as a reason why a continuous presentation of a representation of the media stream was stopped.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the broadcast access method is a multimedia broadcast/multicast service (MBMS) or file delivery over unidirectional transport (FLUTE)-based access method and the unicast access method is a hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)-based access method.

### Claim 6 (depends on 4)

The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the QoE monitoring module is to:
obtain a reporting trigger in a media presentation description (MPD), an open mobile alliance (OMA) device management (DM) QoE management object, or in a session description protocol (SDP) message; and
transmit the QoE metric based on the reporting trigger.

### Claim 7 (depends on 4)

The apparatus of claim 4, further comprising:
a touchscreen display,
wherein the media player is to render the media stream on the touchscreen display.

### Claim 8 (depends on 4)

The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the media player is to:
receive a first portion of the media stream via the unicast access method; and
receive a second portion of the media stream via the broadcast access method.

### Claim 9

A method comprising:
downloading, by a processor of a user equipment, segments of a media stream from a server, the segments provided to a dynamic adaptive streaming over hypertext transfer protocol (DASH) client by a unicast access method or a broadcast access method;
recording, in memory of the user equipment, while monitoring download and playback of the segments, a quality of experience (QoE) metric related to the playback of the segments of the media stream, wherein the QoE metric includes an indication of a switch to the unicast access method or the broadcast access method; and
transmitting, by the user equipment, the QoE metric to a QoE reporting server,
wherein the QoE metric comprises a playlist metric to log a list of playlist elements for one or more playback periods in a measurement interval and the list of playlist elements includes a stop-reason parameter that includes the indication of the switch as a reason why a continuous presentation of a representation of the media stream was stopped.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, wherein the broadcast access method is a multimedia broadcast/multicast service (MBMS) or file delivery over unidirectional transport (FLUTE)-based access method and the unicast access method is a hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)-based access method.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving a reporting trigger in a media presentation description (MPD), an open mobile alliance (OMA) device management (DM) QoE management object, or in a session description protocol (SDP) message; and
transmitting the QoE metric based on the reporting trigger.

### Claim 12 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving a first portion of the media stream via the unicast access method; and
receiving a second portion of the media stream via the broadcast access method.