# US 9,438,461 B2 · Communication system, receiving device, and semiconductor device > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 9,438,461 B2 - Document ID: US9438461B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 14/644,934 - Filed: 2015-03-11 - Published: 2015-10-15 - Granted: 2016-09-06 - Earliest claimed: 2014-04-15 - Assignees: Fujitsu Limited - Applicants: Fujitsu Limited - Inventors: Daijiro Tanaka; Yohei Koganei - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9438461B2 ## CPC - H04L 27/3444: {by applying a certain rotation to regular constellations} - H04B 10/00: Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication - H04B 10/516: Details of coding or modulation - H04L 27/0014: {Carrier regulation (of chaotic carriers H04L27/001; for multicarrier receivers H04L27/2657)} - H04L 2027/0024: {at the receiver end} - H04L 2027/0067: {Phase error detectors} - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) - H04B: TRANSMISSION ## Abstract A communication system includes a transmission device that transmits a signal, based on a plurality of symbol coordinates on a constellation, which characterize a shape having a predetermined rotational asymmetrical shape, and a receiving device that accumulates symbol coordinates on the constellation in the signal received from the transmission device and estimates the phase of the signal received from the transmission device, based on a difference between the direction of a shape characterized by the accumulated symbol coordinates and the direction of the predetermined shape. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A communication system comprising: a transmission device that transmits a signal, based on a plurality of symbol coordinates on a constellation, which characterize a shape having a predetermined rotational asymmetrical shape; and a receiving device that accumulates symbol coordinates on the constellation in the signal received from the transmission device and estimates a phase of the signal received from the transmission device, based on a difference between the direction of a shape characterized by the accumulated symbol coordinates and the direction of the predetermined shape, wherein the receiving device calculates average symbol coordinates from accumulated symbol coordinates, calculates, based on the average symbol coordinates, a first difference in a first coordinate axis direction on the constellation and a second difference in a second axis direction on the constellation perpendicular to the first coordinate axis direction, and acquires the difference by comparing the first difference and the second difference, wherein the receiving device acquires the first difference by a subtraction on a distance between the average symbol coordinate on a first quadrant of the constellation and the average symbol coordinate on a second quadrant of the constellation and a distance between the average symbol coordinate on a fourth quadrant of the constellation and the average symbol coordinate on a third quadrant of the constellation, and acquires the second difference by a subtraction on a distance between the average symbol coordinate on the first quadrant and the average symbol coordinate on the fourth quadrant and a distance between the average symbol coordinate on the second quadrant and the average symbol coordinate on the third quadrant. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The communication system according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined shape is a shape that does not have the same shape while rotating one revolution, centering around an origin on the constellation. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The communication system according to claim 2, wherein the direction of one of points of the plurality of symbol coordinates that characterize the predetermined shape from the origin on the constellation is different from that of a different one of the points of the plurality of symbol coordinates. ### Claim 4 A communication system comprising: a transmission device that transmits a signal, based on a plurality of symbol coordinates on a constellation, which characterize a shape having a predetermined rotational asymmetrical shape; and a receiving device that accumulates symbol coordinates on the constellation in the signal received from the transmission device and estimates a phase of the signal received from the transmission device, based on a difference between the direction of a shape characterized by the accumulated symbol coordinates and the direction of the predetermined shape, wherein, while the transmission device switches around between a first signal based on a first symbol coordinate group which includes the plurality of symbol coordinates, and a second signal based on a second symbol coordinate group obtained by rotating the first symbol coordinate group by a predetermined angle, centering around an origin on the constellation, the transmission device transmits the first signal and the second signal, and the difference between the directions is a difference based on a third symbol coordinate group in the first signal received from the transmission device, a fourth symbol coordinate group in the second signal received from the transmission device, and the predetermined angle. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The communication system according to claim 4, wherein the difference between the directions is a difference between the direction of a shape characterized by the third symbol coordinate group and the fourth symbol coordinate group at least one of which has been corrected based on the predetermined angle and the direction of the predetermined shape. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The communication system according to claim 1, wherein the signal is a signal generated by modulation including at least phase modulation. ### Claim 7 A receiving device comprising: a receiver that receives, from a transmission device that transmits a signal, based on a plurality of symbol coordinates on a constellation, which characterize a shape having a predetermined rotational asymmetrical shape, the signal; an accumulator that accumulates symbol coordinates on the constellation in the signal received by the receiver; and an estimation circuitry configured to estimate a phase of the signal received from the transmission device, based on a difference between the direction of a shape characterized by the symbol coordinates accumulated by the accumulator and the direction of the predetermined shape, wherein the estimation circuitry calculates average symbol coordinates from accumulated symbol coordinates, calculates, based on the average symbol coordinates, a first difference in a first coordinate axis direction on the constellation and a second difference in a second axis direction on the constellation perpendicular to the first coordinate axis direction, and acquires the difference by comparing the first difference and the second difference, wherein the estimation circuitry acquires the first difference by a subtraction on a distance between the average symbol coordinate on a first quadrant of the constellation and the average symbol coordinate on a second quadrant of the constellation and a distance between the average symbol coordinate on a fourth quadrant of the constellation and the average symbol coordinate on a third quadrant of the constellation, and acquires the second difference by a subtraction on a distance between the average symbol coordinate on the first quadrant and the average symbol coordinate on the fourth quadrant and a distance between the average symbol coordinate on the second quadrant and the average symbol coordinate on the third quadrant. ### Claim 8 A semiconductor device comprising: an accumulator that accumulates symbol coordinates on a constellation in a signal, the signal being transmitted from a transmission device that transmits the signal, based on a plurality of symbol coordinates on a constellation, which characterize a shape having a predetermined rotational asymmetrical shape, and received by a receiver; and an estimation circuitry configured to estimate a phase of the signal received from the transmission device, based on a difference between the direction of a shape characterized by the symbol coordinates accumulated by the accumulator and the direction of the predetermined shape, wherein the estimation circuitry calculates average symbol coordinates from accumulated symbol coordinates, calculates, based on the average symbol coordinates, a first difference in a first coordinate axis direction on the constellation and a second difference in a second axis direction on the constellation perpendicular to the first coordinate axis direction, and acquires the difference by comparing the first difference and the second difference, wherein the estimation circuitry acquires the first difference by a subtraction on a distance between the average symbol coordinate on a first quadrant of the constellation and the average symbol coordinate on a second quadrant of the constellation and a distance between the average symbol coordinate on a fourth quadrant of the constellation and the average symbol coordinate on a third quadrant of the constellation, and acquires the second difference by a subtraction on a distance between the average symbol coordinate on the first quadrant and the average symbol coordinate on the fourth quadrant and a distance between the average symbol coordinate on the second quadrant and the average symbol coordinate on the third quadrant. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The communication system according to claim 1, wherein the receiving device detects a first angle as the difference when the first difference is more than or equal to the second difference, and detects a second angle as the difference when the first difference is smaller than the second difference. ### Claim 10 (depends on 7) The receiving device according to claim 7, wherein the estimation circuitry detects a first angle as the difference when the first difference is more than or equal to the second difference, and detects a second angle as the difference when the first difference is smaller than the second difference. ### Claim 11 (depends on 8) The semiconductor device according to claim 8, wherein the estimation circuitry detects a first angle as the difference when the first difference is more than or equal to the second difference, and detects a second angle as the difference when the first difference is smaller than the second difference.