# US 9,438,134 B2 · System and method for off-line ups > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 9,438,134 B2 - Document ID: US9438134B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 13/074,697 - Filed: 2011-03-29 - Published: 2012-10-04 - Granted: 2016-09-06 - Earliest claimed: 2011-03-29 - Assignees: Schneider Electric It Corporation - Applicants: Sheng-Shien Fang - Inventors: Sheng-Shien Fang - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9438134B2 ## CPC - H02M 7/42: Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal - H02J 9/062: {for AC powered loads} - H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P) - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY ## Abstract A method of operating an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) includes generating, during a portion of an output cycle, a substantially sinusoidal output voltage responsive to a plurality of pulse width modulation (PWM) control signals provided to a power conversion circuit of the UPS, comparing the output voltage to a reference root mean square (RMS) voltage at each of a plurality of time intervals during the portion of the output cycle, calculating a PWM control signal scaling factor based on each of the comparisons to the reference RMS voltage, and maintaining the output voltage at substantially the reference RMS voltage by applying the calculated PWM control signal scaling factor to at least one of the plurality of PWM control signals. The method may include detecting that the output voltage has reached a maximum output voltage level and clamping the output voltage to a steady state output voltage reference level. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of operating an uninterruptible power supply (UPS), the method comprising: generating, during a portion of an output cycle, a substantially sinusoidal output voltage responsive to a plurality of pulse width modulation (PWM) control signals provided to a power conversion circuit of the UPS; comparing the output voltage to a reference root mean square (RMS) voltage at each of a plurality of time intervals during the portion of the output cycle; calculating a PWM control signal scaling factor based on each of the comparisons to the reference RMS voltage; maintaining the output voltage at substantially the reference RMS voltage by applying the calculated PWM control signal scaling factor to at least one of the plurality of PWM control signals; detecting that the output voltage has reached a maximum output voltage level; clamping the output voltage by controlling an inverter to reduce the output voltage to a steady state output voltage reference level; and recording a phase angle at which the output voltage has reached the maximum output voltage level. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of PWM control signals is configured to generate a fundamental frequency component of the output voltage. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, wherein at least one of the plurality of PWM control signals is further configured to generate a third harmonic component of the output voltage. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, further comprising maintaining the output voltage at substantially the reference RMS voltage at one of a phase angle of approximately 45 degrees and a phase angle of approximately 135 degrees by calculating a third harmonic scaling factor based on the comparisons to the reference RMS voltage, and applying the third harmonic scaling factor to at least one of the plurality of PWM control signals. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, further comprising maintaining the output voltage at substantially the output voltage reference within a first phase angle range of between approximately zero degrees and approximately 45 degrees and within a second phase angle range of between approximately 135 degrees and approximately 180 degrees by calculating a third harmonic scaling factor based on the comparisons to the output voltage reference, and applying the third harmonic scaling factor to at least one of the plurality of PWM control signals. ### Claim 6 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, wherein at least one of the plurality of PWM control signals is further configured to generate a fifth harmonic component of the output voltage. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, further comprising maintaining the output voltage at substantially the reference RMS voltage at one of a phase angle of approximately 90 degrees and a phase angle of approximately 270 degrees by calculating a fifth harmonic scaling factor based on the comparisons to the reference RMS voltage, and applying the fifth harmonic scaling factor to at least one of the plurality of PWM control signals. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising maintaining the substantially sinusoidal shape of the output voltage by calculating a transient response scaling factor based on a transient response of the output voltage to a change in a load, and applying the transient response scaling factor to at least one of the plurality of PWM control signals. ### Claim 9 An uninterruptible power supply system, comprising: a backup power source; an output configured to provide an AC output voltage to a load; a power conversion circuit coupled to the backup power source and the output for generating the AC output voltage; and means for controlling the power conversion circuit to generate, during a portion of an output cycle, a substantially sinusoidal output voltage using a plurality of pulse width modulation (PWM) control signals, detecting that the output voltage has reached a maximum output voltage level, clamping the output voltage by controlling an inverter to reduce the output voltage to a steady state output voltage reference level, and recording a phase angle at which the output voltage has reached the maximum output voltage level. ### Claim 10 An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system, comprising: a backup power source; an output configured to provide a substantially sinusoidal AC output voltage to a load; a power conversion circuit coupled to the backup power source and the output for generating the AC output voltage from the backup power source in a backup mode of operation; and a controller coupled to the power conversion circuit, the controller configured to: operate the power conversion circuit during a portion of an output cycle using a plurality of pulse width modulation (PWM) control signals that when applied to the power conversion circuit causes the AC output voltage to be generated; compare the AC output voltage to a reference voltage at each of a plurality of time intervals during the portion of the output cycle; calculate a PWM control signal scaling factor based on each of the comparisons to the reference voltage; maintain the AC output voltage at substantially the reference voltage by adjusting a width of at least one of the PWM control signals using the PWM control signal scaling factor; detect that the output voltage has reached a maximum output voltage level; clamp the output voltage by controlling an inverter to reduce the output voltage to a steady state output voltage reference level; and record a phase angle at which the output voltage has reached the maximum output voltage level. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The system of claim 10, wherein the controller is further configured to maintain the AC output voltage at substantially the first reference voltage at one of a phase angle of approximately 45 degrees and a phase angle of approximately 135 degrees by calculating a third harmonic scaling factor based on comparisons to the first reference voltage, and to adjust a width of the at least one of the PWM control signals using the third harmonic scaling factor. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein the controller is further configured to maintain the AC output voltage at substantially the first reference voltage at one of a phase angle of approximately 90 degrees and a phase angle of approximately 270 degrees by calculating a fifth harmonic scaling factor based on comparisons to the first reference voltage, and to adjust the width of the at least one of the PWM control signals using the fifth harmonic scaling factor to. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The system of claim 10, wherein the controller is further configured to calculate a transient response scaling factor based on a transient response of the AC output voltage to a change in the load, and to adjust a width of the at least one of the PWM control signals using the transient response scaling factor. ### Claim 14 (depends on 10) The system of claim 10, wherein the controller is further configured to generate a plurality of PWM control signals to control the power conversion circuit to generate the substantially sinusoidal AC output voltage. ### Claim 15 (depends on 10) The system of claim 10, wherein the controller is further configured to generate a plurality of PWM control signals to control the power conversion circuit to generate a substantially trapezoidal waveform. ### Claim 16 (depends on 10) The system of claim 10, wherein the controller is further configured to compare a sensed battery voltage to the first reference voltage at each of the plurality of regular time intervals during the first portion of the output cycle, and to calculate the PWM control signal scaling factor based on the comparison of the sensed battery voltage to the first reference voltage. ### Claim 17 (depends on 10) The system of claim 10, further comprising means for generating the plurality of PWM control signals. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The system of claim 17, further comprising a memory coupled to the controller, the memory containing at least one table of values that is to be used by the means for generating the plurality of PWM control signals. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising updating the PWM control signal scaling factor based on the recorded phase angle. ### Claim 20 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the controller is further configured to update the PWM control signal scaling factor based on the recorded phase angle.