# US 9,438,030 B2 · Trigger circuit and method for improved transient immunity

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- Number: US 9,438,030 B2
- Document ID: US9438030B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 13/682,604
- Filed: 2012-11-20
- Published: 2014-05-22
- Granted: 2016-09-06
- Earliest claimed: 2012-11-20
- Assignees: Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
- Applicants: Michael A. Stockinger
- Inventors: Michael A. Stockinger
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9438030B2

## CPC

- H02H 9/005: {avoiding undesired transient conditions}
- H03K 19/00315: {in field-effect transistor circuits}
- H02H: EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS (indicating or signalling undesired working conditions G01R, e.g. G01R31/00, G08B; locating faults along lines G01R31/08; emergency protective devices H01H)
- H03K: PULSE TECHNIQUE (measuring pulse characteristics G01R; modulating sinusoidal oscillations with pulses H03C; transmission of digital information H04L; discriminator circuits detecting phase difference between two signals by counting or integrating cycles of oscillation H03D3/04; automatic control, starting, synchronisation or stabilisation of generators of electronic oscillations or pulses where the type of generator is irrelevant or unspecified H03L; coding, decoding or code conversion, in general H03M)

## Abstract

A trigger circuit detects a transient voltage increase on an integrated circuit. The trigger circuit controls a conductivity state of a clamping device to limit the transient voltage increase. The trigger circuit comprises a common capacitive element having a capacitive value, wherein a first time value and a second time value are dependent upon the capacitive value of the common capacitive element, the first time value applicable to an unpowered state of the integrated circuit and the second time value applicable to a powered state of the integrated circuit. The first time value and the second time value control a trigger circuit parameter which may include a detection range within which a rate of transient voltage increase causes the trigger circuit to become active or an “on” time upon which an active duration of control of the conductivity state of the clamping device depends.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method comprising:
detecting a transient voltage increase on an integrated circuit; and
controlling a conductivity state of a clamping device to limit the transient voltage increase, wherein at least one of the detecting and the controlling are dependent upon a first time value and a second time value, the first time value applicable to an unpowered state of the integrated circuit and the second time value applicable to a powered state of the integrated circuit, wherein the first time value and the second time value are dependent upon a capacitive value of a common capacitive element, wherein the controlling is dependent upon the first time value and the second time value and wherein the controlling occurs for an active duration, the active duration being dependent upon the first time value for the unpowered state of the integrated circuit and the second time value for the powered state of the integrated circuit.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein the detecting is dependent upon the first time value and the second time value and wherein the detecting occurs in response to a rate of transient voltage increase being within a detection range, the detection range being dependent upon the first time value for the unpowered state of the integrated circuit and the second time value for the powered state of the integrated circuit.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 further comprising:
selecting between the first time value and the second time value based on a signal responsive to the unpowered state and the powered state of the integrated circuit.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein the controlling the conductivity state of the clamping device to limit the transient voltage increase comprises:
responding to the transient voltage increase in the powered state in proportion to the transient voltage increase relative to a preexisting voltage of the powered state.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein the detecting is dependent upon the first time value and the second time value and wherein the controlling is dependent upon a third time value and a fourth time value, wherein the third time value and the fourth time value are dependent upon the capacitive value of the common capacitive element.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The method of claim 5, wherein the detecting occurs in response to a rate of transient voltage increase being within a detection range, the detection range being dependent upon the first time value for the unpowered state of the integrated circuit and the second time value for the powered state of the integrated circuit, wherein the controlling occurs for an active duration, the active duration being dependent upon the third time value for the unpowered state of the integrated circuit and the fourth time value for the powered state of the integrated circuit.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein the first time value is unequal to the second time value.

### Claim 8

An integrated circuit comprising:
a clamping device; and
a trigger circuit for detection of a transient voltage increase on the integrated circuit, the trigger circuit controlling a conductivity state of the clamping device to limit the transient voltage increase, wherein the trigger circuit controls the clamping device to provide higher conductivity when the integrated circuit is in an unpowered state and controlled lower conductive to provide voltage regulation when the integrated circuit is in a powered state, the trigger circuit comprising:
a common capacitive element having a capacitive value, wherein a first time value and a second time value are dependent upon the capacitive value of the common capacitive element, the first time value applicable to the unpowered state of the integrated circuit and the second time value applicable to the powered state of the integrated circuit, wherein the first time value and the second time value control a trigger circuit parameter selected from a group consisting of:
a detection range within which a rate of transient voltage increase causes the trigger circuit to become active; and
an “on” time upon which an active duration of the controlling of the conductivity state of the clamping device depends.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The integrated circuit of claim 8, wherein the first time value determines the detection range for the unpowered state of the integrated circuit and the second time value determines the detection range for the powered state of the integrated circuit.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The integrated circuit of claim 9 wherein the trigger circuit has a third time value for determining the active duration of a higher conductivity during the unpowered state of the integrated circuit and a fourth time value for determining the active duration of a controlled lower conductivity during the powered state of the integrated circuit, wherein the third time value and the fourth time value are dependent upon the capacitive value of the common capacitive element.

### Claim 11 (depends on 8)

The integrated circuit of claim 8 wherein the trigger circuit comprises:
a driver circuit having an input coupled to the common capacitive element, the driver circuit comprising one or more inverter stages to detect and amplify a filtered signal at the input and to provide a trigger circuit output signal to drive a control terminal of the clamping device.

### Claim 12

A method comprising:
selecting a first value of a variable of a linear time-invariant (LTI) function for an unpowered state of an integrated circuit and a second value of the variable of the linear time-invariant (LTI) function for a powered state of the integrated circuit, wherein the first value and the second value are dependent upon a common reactive element;
detecting a transient voltage increase on the integrated circuit; and
controlling a conductivity state of a clamping device to limit the transient voltage increase, wherein the controlling is dependent upon the LTI function and wherein the controlling occurs for an active duration, the active duration being dependent upon the LTI function.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The method of claim 12 wherein the detecting is dependent upon the LTI function and wherein the detecting occurs in response to a rate of transient voltage increase being within a detection range, the detection range being dependent upon the LTI function.

### Claim 14 (depends on 12)

The method of claim 12 further comprising:
receiving a signal responsive to the unpowered state and the powered state of the integrated circuit, wherein the selecting further comprises:
selecting between the first value and the second value of the variable of the LTI function based on the signal.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The method of claim 14 further comprising:
receiving a second signal, wherein the second signal represents an inactivated state of the controlling a conductivity state of a clamping device in a first state of the second signal and an activated state of the controlling a conductivity state of a clamping device in a second state of the second signal, wherein the selecting between the first value and the second value of the variable of the LTI function comprises:
selecting, based on the signal and the second signal, the first value of the variable of the LTI function for the detecting for the unpowered state of the integrated circuit, the second value of the variable of the LTI function for the detecting for the powered state of the integrated circuit, a third value of the variable of the LTI function for the controlling for the unpowered state of the integrated circuit, and a fourth value of the variable of the LTI function for the controlling for the powered state of the integrated circuit, wherein the first value, the second value, the third value, and the fourth value are dependent upon the common reactive element.

### Claim 16 (depends on 14)

The method of claim 14 wherein the signal is a power-on reset (POR) signal.

### Claim 17 (depends on 12)

The method of claim 12 further comprising:
receiving a signal responsive to an inactivated state and an activated state of the controlling the conductivity of the clamping devices, wherein the selecting comprises:
selecting whether to apply the first value and the second value of the variable of the LTI function to the detecting or to the controlling based on the signal.