# US 9,435,477 B2 · Creating thermal uniformity in heated piping and weldment systems > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 9,435,477 B2 - Document ID: US9435477B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 13/427,861 - Filed: 2012-03-22 - Published: 2012-09-27 - Granted: 2016-09-06 - Earliest claimed: 2011-03-22 - Applicants: Sami Mustafa; Damon R. Wytcherley - Inventors: Sami Mustafa; Damon R. Wytcherley - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9435477B2 ## CPC - F16L 53/38: using elongate electric heating elements, e.g. wires or ribbons - H05B 3/58: Heating hoses; Heating collars - H05B 2203/021: Heaters specially adapted for heating liquids - H05B 2203/022: Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material - F16L: PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL - H05B: ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL ## Abstract A piping system comprises a resistive heating circuit, a target heating surface, and a thermally conductive substrate adjoin (or abutting) both the heating circuit and the heating surface. The thermally conductive substrate can be composed of aluminum or some other material for heat spreading. A material for heat spreading has a thermal conductivity sufficient to evenly heat a section of the target surface within tolerance requirements of a sensitive application. The even heating can eliminate hot spots and cold spots of a temperature gradient along an axis of the piping system. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for creating thermal uniformity in a heated piping system delivering gas or liquid to applications, comprising: attaching a heat sink substrate to at least a section of the piping system that delivers uniformly heated gas or liquid passing through the piping system, wherein the heat substrate is formed from a material that heat spreads according to a thermal conductivity of the material, and wherein the heat sink substrate has a non-uniform thickness to conform to a non-uniform diameter of the section of the piping system; attaching a heater circuit to an outer surface portion of the heat sink substrate for delivering heat to the gas or liquid on an inner surface portion of the heat sink substrate, wherein the heater circuit comprises a pattern that inherently produces hot and cold spots that are smoothed by heat spreading of the heat sink substrate to apply heat to the gas or liquid within tolerance requirements of an application; mounting a temperature sensor within the thickness of the heat sink substrate, with feedback to the heat controller, for measuring a temperature near the inner surface portion of the heat sink substrate as provided by the heater circuit on the outer surface; and adjusting the heater circuit at the outer surface portion by the heat controller responsive to the measurements at the inner surface portion. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: boring a cavity into the heat sink substrate; and submerging the temperature sensor into the cavity. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: bonding the heater circuit to the heat sink substrate. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the media carrier is composed of PFA-type plastic. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the media carrier is composed of stainless steel. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: providing a feedback signal from the temperature sensor to a heater control that adjusts the heater circuit accordingly. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the media comprises at least one of a gas, a liquid, or a mobile solid. ### Claim 8 A heated piping system for thermal uniformity for gas or liquid delivered to applications, comprising: a heat sink substrate attached to at least a section of the piping system that delivers uniformly heated gas or liquid passing through the piping system, wherein the heat substrate is formed from a material that heat spreads according to a thermal conductivity of the material, and wherein the heat sink substrate has a non-uniform thickness to conform to a non-uniform diameter of the section of the piping system; a heater circuit attached to an outer surface portion of the heat sink substrate for delivering heat to the gas or liquid on an inner surface portion of the heat sink substrate, wherein the heater circuit comprises a pattern that inherently produces hot and cold spots that are smoothed by heat spreading of the heat sink substrate to apply heat to the gas or liquid within tolerance requirements of an application; and a temperature sensor mounted within the thickness of the heat sink substrate, with feedback to the heat controller, for measuring a temperature near the inner surface portion of the heat sink substrate as provided by the heater circuit on the outer surface; wherein the heater circuit is adjusted at the outer surface portion by the heat controller responsive to the measurements at the inner surface portion. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The piping member of claim 8, wherein a cavity is bored into the heat sink substrate, and the temperature sensor is submerged into the cavity. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the heater circuit is bonded to the heat sink substrate. ### Claim 11 (depends on 8) The piping member of claim 8, wherein the heat sink substrate is of non-uniform thickness corresponding to non-uniform shape of the media carrier, and an outer surface of the heat sink substrate is of uniform thickness. ### Claim 12 (depends on 8) The piping member of claim 8, wherein the media carrier is composed of PFA-type plastic. ### Claim 13 (depends on 8) The piping member of claim 8, wherein the media carrier is composed of stainless steel. ### Claim 14 (depends on 8) The piping member of claim 8, further comprising: a heater control to receive a feedback signal from the temperature sensor, the heater control adjusting the heater circuit accordingly. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the heating substrate is attached to the piping section in a clam-shell arrangement allowing removal for repair or maintenance. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the application comprises semiconductor processing.