# US 9,434,895 B1 · Common purpose apparatus for physical and chemical gas-solid reactions > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 9,434,895 B1 - Document ID: US9434895B1 - Status: Granted - Kind: B1 - Application number: 14/632,559 - Filed: 2015-02-26 - Published: 2016-09-01 - Granted: 2016-09-06 - Earliest claimed: 2015-02-26 - Assignees: Simple Approach Systems, Inc. - Applicants: Simple Approach Systems, Inc. - Inventors: Amirali G. Rehmat - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9434895B1 ## CPC - C10J 3/005: {Rotary drum or kiln gasifiers} - C10J 3/82: Gas withdrawal means - C10K 3/005: {by partial oxidation} - F01K 5/00: Plants characterised by use of means for storing steam in an alkali to increase steam pressure, e.g. of Honigmann or Koenemann type - F01K 7/16: the engines being only of turbine type (the engines using steam of critical or overcritical pressure F01K7/32; the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type F01K7/34) - F01K 23/18: characterised by adaptation for specific use - F02C 3/24: the fuel or oxidant being liquid at standard temperature and pressure - F02C 3/28: using a separate gas producer for gasifying the fuel before combustion - C10J 2200/15: Details of feeding means - C10J 2200/152: Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions - C10J 2300/0956: Air or oxygen enriched air - C10J 2300/0976: as steam - C10J 2300/1606: Combustion processes - C10J 2300/1675: making use of a steam turbine - Y02E 50/10: Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel - C10J: PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES (synthesis gas from liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons C01B; underground gasification of minerals E21B43/295); CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES - C10K: PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE - F01K: STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES (gas-turbine or jet-propulsion plants F02; nuclear power plants, engine arrangements therein G21D) - F02C: GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS (construction of turbines F01D; jet-propulsion plants F02K; construction of compressors or fans F04; generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity F23R; using gas turbines in compression refrigeration plants F25B11/00) - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION ## Abstract The present application discloses a common purpose apparatus for carrying out physical and chemical reactions of carbonaceous materials with oxygen bearing gases and preheated gases that is used for carrying out thermo chemical transformation of carbonaceous materials into gaseous and liquid fuels, and for combusting carbonaceous fuels and to recover energy there from, and for remediating hydrocarbon-contaminated materials, and further for producing bio-chars from biomass. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A common purpose apparatus system in which physical and chemical reactions of carbonaceous materials with oxygen bearing gases and preheated gases are carried out; thermo chemical transformation of carbonaceous materials into gaseous and liquid fuels is carried out; carbonaceous fuels are combusted and energy there from is recovered; hydrocarbon-contaminated materials are remediated; and bio-chars from biomass are produced, comprising: a rotary kiln reactor, a feeder to introduce carbonaceous materials into the rotary kiln reactor, a port for introducing carbonaceous material at a front end of the rotary kiln reactor, an exit port for removal of solids at a far end of the rotary kiln reactor, a stationary gas distributor positioned inside the rotary kiln reactor, a Stage 2 reactor following the rotary kiln reactor, an apparatus in which oxygen-bearing gases are introduced into the stationary gas distributor, an apparatus in which a direction of gas from the stationary gas distributor is controlled, an apparatus in which water and liquid carbonaceous materials are introduced into the rotary kiln reactor, an apparatus in which fuel, steam, and oxygen-bearing gases are introduced into the Stage 2 reactor, an indirect gas cooler in which gases generated from the Stage reactor are cooled resulting in cooled gases and in which heat from the gases being cooled is recovered in the form of steam, a liquid condensate collector to recover hydrocarbon liquids from the cooled gases, an apparatus in which the cooled gases are cleaned to remove particulates and agents of greenhouse gases, a burner in which combustible gases are combusted, wherein hot gases are generated from reaction of combustible gases with oxygen-bearing gases, a steam turbine to generate electricity from steam, and a gas engine to generate electricity from combustible gases. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 1, wherein dimensions of the rotary kiln reactor are such that its length is 3 to 8 times larger than its diameter. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 1, wherein the rotary kiln reactor maintains a downward slope between 5 degrees to 15 degrees, a point of exit of solids material being located on a low end of a slope. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 1, wherein the stationary gas distributor is tubular. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 4, wherein the stationary gas distributor is divided into four or more horizontal sections by fixed partitions located inside a tubular pipe. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 1, wherein the stationary gas distributor is comprised of an inner tube and an outer tube. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 6, wherein the inner tube constitutes a gas distributor and the outer tube constitutes a device for controlling a direction of the gas introduced by the gas distributor. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 6, wherein the outer tube is free to rotate over the inner tube. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 1, wherein the stationary gas distributor is supplied with oxygen-bearing gases as well as preheated gases, wherein the introduction of said oxygen-bearing and preheated gases is controlled independently of one another. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 1, wherein the stationary gas distributor is provided with a multiplicity of ports in communication with an inside of the rotary kiln reactor. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 10, wherein ports cover one half of a circumference of the stationary gas distributor. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 10, wherein the multiplicity of ports on the stationary gas distributor are uniform with respect to diameter. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 10, wherein multiplicity of the ports on the stationary gas distributor are of differing sizes with respect to diameter. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 1, wherein the stationary gas distributor is positioned to communicate directly with the solids present on a wall of the rotary kiln reactor. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 1, wherein the stationary gas distributor is supported by stationary hoods of the rotary kiln reactor. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 1, wherein the stationary gas distributor is divided evenly into four of more sections. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 1, wherein the stationary gas distributor is divided unevenly. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 1, wherein an amount of gas flowing through each of a section of the stationary gas distributor varies from 0 to 100 percent of a total gas introduced into the rotary kiln reactor. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 1, wherein a direction of discharge of gas from the stationary gas distributor is controlled according to rotation of the rotary kiln reactor in order to fully communicate with altering position of solids confined on a wall of the rotary kiln reactor. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 1, wherein a direction of gas flow from the stationary gas distributor is controlled by a second tubular pipe surrounding a gas distributor pipe. ### Claim 21 (depends on 1) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 1, wherein an outer pipe for gas control and an inner pipe for gas distribution are concentric. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 21, wherein the outer pipe of the stationary gas distributor is cut along an entire length of portion exposed to inside of the rotary kiln reactor extending to one half of circumference such that a cut out area completely exposes all ports of an inner pipe comprising the stationary gas distributor. ### Claim 23 (depends on 21) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 21, wherein a position of the outer pipe is controlled from outside of the rotary kiln reactor with a rotation mechanism. ### Claim 24 (depends on 1) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 1, wherein the Stage 2 reactor is fluidized bed, entrained bed, fixed bed, moving bed, cyclonic reactor, or rotating kiln reactor. ### Claim 25 (depends on 1) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 1, wherein the Stage 2 reactor is catalytic. ### Claim 26 (depends on 1) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 1, wherein fuel, air, and steam are injected with a multiplicity of gas entry ports into the Stage 2 reactor. ### Claim 27 (depends on 1) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 1, wherein the indirect gas cooler indirectly cools the gas with water. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 27, wherein the water is converted into steam. ### Claim 29 (depends on 28) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 28, wherein the steam is converted into electricity. ### Claim 30 (depends on 1) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 1, wherein the indirect gas cooler comprises two or more gas coolers. ### Claim 31 (depends on 1) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 1, wherein the indirect gas cooler recovers heat from gases emanating from the said Stage 2 reactor. ### Claim 32 (depends on 1) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 1, wherein the cooled gases are combusted by the burner. ### Claim 33 (depends on 32) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 32, wherein said burner is coupled with gas coolers. ### Claim 34 (depends on 1) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 1, wherein the indirect gas cooler recovers heat from the gas discharged from the burner. ### Claim 35 (depends on 1) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon liquids are condensed in the indirect gas coolers. ### Claim 36 (depends on 1) The common purpose apparatus system according to claim 1, wherein the cooled gases are combusted in the gas engine to generate electricity.