# US 9,434,409 B2 · Tire lateral force model with temperature adaptation and method

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- Number: US 9,434,409 B2
- Document ID: US9434409B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 14/244,106
- Filed: 2014-04-03
- Published: 2015-10-08
- Granted: 2016-09-06
- Earliest claimed: 2014-04-03
- Assignees: The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
- Applicants: The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
- Inventors: Kanwar Bharat Singh
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9434409B2

## CPC

- B62D 6/001: {the torque NOT being among the input parameters}
- B60C 19/00: Tyre parts or constructions not otherwise provided for
- B60C 23/20: Devices for measuring or signalling tyre temperature {only}
- B60T 8/1725: {Using tyre sensors, e.g. Sidewall Torsion sensors [SWT] (for tyre pressure and temperature detection B60C23/00)}
- B60T 8/17552: {responsive to the tyre sideslip angle or the vehicle body slip angle}
- B60T 8/17554: {specially adapted for enhancing stability around the vehicles longitudinal axle, i.e. roll-over prevention (road vehicle drive control systems for roll-over prevention otherwise than by controlling a particular sub-unit B60W30/04)}
- B60W 30/02: Control of vehicle driving stability
- B60C 2019/004: {Tyre sensors other than for detecting tyre pressure}
- B60T 2210/12: Friction
- B60T 2240/03: Tyre sensors
- B60W 2530/20: Tyre data
- B62D: MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS (steering, or guiding on a desired track, of agricultural machines or implements A01B69/00; wheels, castors, axles, increasing wheel adhesion B60B; vehicle tyres, tyre inflation or tyre changing B60C; connections between vehicles of a train or the like B60D; vehicles for use on rail and road, amphibious or convertible vehicles B60F; suspension arrangements B60G; heating, cooling, ventilating or other air treating devices B60H; windows, windscreens, non-fixed roofs, doors or similar devices, protective coverings for vehicles not in use B60J; propulsion plant arrangements, auxiliary drives, transmissions, controls, instrumentation or dashboards B60K; electric equipment or propulsion of electrically-propelled vehicles B60L; power supply for electrically-propelled vehicles B60M; passenger accommodation not otherwise provided for B60N; adaptations for load transportation or to carry special loads or objects B60P; arrangement of signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor, for vehicles in general B60Q; vehicles, vehicle fittings or vehicle parts not otherwise provided for B60R; servicing, cleaning, repairing, supporting, lifting, or manoeuvring, not otherwise provided for, B60S; brake arrangements, brake control systems or parts thereof B60T; air-cushion vehicles B60V; motor-cycles, accessories therefor B62J, B62K; testing of vehicles G01M)
- B60C: VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60T: VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL (electrodynamic brake systems for vehicle, in general B60L; brakes per se, i.e. devices where braking effect occurs, including ultimate brake actuators, F16D); ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60W: CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT

## Abstract

A tire-based system and method for adapting the calculation of temperature-sensitive tire characteristics includes one or more tire-mounted temperature sensors mounted to a vehicle tire for measuring a tire temperature at a tire radially outward surface; an algorithmic model adapting one or more temperature-sensitive tire characteristics by the measured tire surface temperature; and vehicle controls using the temperature-sensitive tire characteristics adapted by the tire surface temperature in one or more vehicle control commands.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A tire-based system for adapting the calculation of temperature-sensitive tire cornering stiffness comprising:
at least one tire mounted to a wheel hub and supporting a vehicle;
at least one temperature sensor mounted to the one tire for measuring a tire temperature at a tire radially outward surface;
an algorithmic model operatively receiving the tire temperature as an input and using the tire temperature in adapting a temperature-sensitive tire cornering stiffness;
the algorithmic model comprising a second-order polynomial model capturing the dependency of the cornering stiffness to the tire temperature and estimating the tire cornering stiffness at the tire temperature; and
a vehicle control system for using the temperature-sensitive tire cornering stiffness adapted by the tire temperature in at least one operative control command for the vehicle.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one temperature sensor comprises one of a plurality of temperature sensors mounted to respective locations across a tire tread region, and the tire temperature is determined from a tire temperature combination of average measured temperatures from the plurality of temperature sensors.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The system of claim 2, wherein the at least one temperature sensor substantially continuously measures tire temperature at the tire radially outward surface throughout operative use of the at least one tire.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one operative control command for the vehicle is from the group: active front and rear steering and yaw control.

### Claim 5

A tire-based system for adapting the calculation of temperature-sensitive tire peak grip level comprising:
at least one tire mounted to a wheel hub and supporting a vehicle;
at least one tire-mounted temperature sensor mounted to the one vehicle tire for measuring a tire temperature at a radially outward surface of the one vehicle tire;
an algorithmic model operatively receiving the tire temperature as an input and using the tire temperature in adapting a temperature-sensitive tire peak grip level;
the algorithmic model comprising a second-order polynomial model capturing the dependency of the peak grip level to the tire temperature and estimating the tire peak grip level at the tire temperature; and
vehicle controls using the temperature-sensitive tire peak grip level adapted by the temperature of the at least one vehicle tire in at least one vehicle control command.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The system of claim 5, wherein the at least one temperature sensor comprises one of a plurality of temperature sensors mounted to respective locations across a tire tread region, and the tire temperature is determined from a tire temperature combination of average measured temperatures from the plurality of temperature sensors.

### Claim 7 (depends on 5)

The system of claim 5, wherein the at least one temperature sensor substantially continuously measures tire temperature at the tire radially outward surface throughout operative use of the at least one tire.

### Claim 8 (depends on 5)

The system of claim 5, wherein the at least one operative control command for the vehicle is from the group: active front and rear steering and yaw control.

### Claim 9

A tire-based method for adapting the calculation of temperature-sensitive tire characteristics comprising:
mounting at least one tire-mounted temperature sensor to a vehicle tire for measuring a tire temperature at a radially outward tire surface;
employing an algorithmic model to adapt at least one of a temperature-sensitive tire cornering stiffness and a tire peak grip level by the tire temperature at the outward tire surface;
operatively receiving the tire temperature as an input in the algorithmic model and using the tire temperature in adapting the at least one of the tire cornering stiffness and the peak grip level;
capturing the dependency of the at least one of the tire cornering stiffness and the peak grip level to the tire temperature with a second-order polynomial model in the algorithmic model;
estimating the at least one of the tire cornering stiffness and the peak grip level at the tire temperature; and
using the at least one of the tire cornering stiffness and the peak grip level adapted by the tire temperature at the outward tire surface in at least one vehicle control command.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, further comprising mounting a plurality of temperature sensors to respective locations across a tire tread region, and combining by average tire temperature measurements for use in the algorithmic model.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, wherein the at least one vehicle control command is from the group: active front and rear steering and yaw control.