# US 9,433,246 B2 · Evaporative structures, particularly for body cooling > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 9,433,246 B2 - Document ID: US9433246B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 14/884,352 - Filed: 2015-10-15 - Published: 2016-02-04 - Granted: 2016-09-06 - Earliest claimed: 2010-04-21 - Assignees: Qinetiq Limited - Applicants: Qinetiq Limited - Inventors: Robert Anthony Freeman; Rajinder Singh - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9433246B2 ## CPC - A41D 13/0056: {using evaporative effect} - F28D 15/0241: {the tubes being flexible} - F28D 15/04: with tubes having a capillary structure - F28F 13/003: {by using permeable mass, perforated or porous materials (F28F13/18 takes precedence)} - A41D 13/0053: {Cooled garments} - A41D: OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES - F28D: HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT (fluid heaters having heat generating means and heat transferring means F24H; furnaces F27; details of heat-exchange apparatus of general) - F28F: DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION (water and air traps, air venting F16) ## Abstract A generally planar, conformable evaporative structure, particularly for incorporation in a garment or an item of personal protective equipment as part of a system to cool the wearer's body, includes an envelope of substantially impermeable, flexible material containing: a layer of flexible wick material disposed adjacent to a major face of the envelope and adapted to hold a working fluid in liquid phase for evaporation by heat conducted through the envelope; a layer of flexible, breathable fabric in parallel with the layer of wick material; and an array of flexible ribs such as open helical coils within the layer of breathable fabric adapted to maintain pathways for the flow of working fluid in vapor phase towards a condensation zone. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A generally planar, conformable evaporative structure comprising: an envelope comprising substantially impermeable, flexible material containing: a layer of flexible wick material disposed adjacent to a major face of said envelope, adapted to hold a working fluid in liquid phase for evaporation by heat conducted through said envelope; a layer of flexible, breathable fabric adjacent to said layer of wick material; one or more flexible rib(s) within said layer of breathable fabric and in direct contact with said layer of wick material, adapted to maintain pathway(s) for the flow of working fluid in vapour phase towards a condensation zone; and one or more associated heat sinks for condensation of said working fluid in vapour phase; wherein one of the one or more associated heat sinks is integrated with the or each said structure so that condensation takes place within the respective said structure, and wherein the structure further comprises a heat exchanger in communication with the or each heat sink through which heat can be released into the environment. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) A structure according to claim 1 wherein said envelope comprises metallised polymer barrier film. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) A structure according to claim 1 wherein said envelope carries an absorbent layer over the exterior of said major face thereof. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) A structure according to claim 1 wherein said layer of wick material extends over substantially the whole area of said major face of said envelope. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) A structure according to claim 1 wherein said layer of wick material is comprised of a plurality of non-contiguous sections. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) A structure according to claim 1 wherein said breathable fabric is a knitted or woven spacer fabric. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) A structure according to claim 6 wherein said spacer fabric is formed with one or more channel(s) within which said rib(s) are received. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) A structure according to claim 1 wherein the or each said rib is of an open-sided tubular form. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) A structure according to claim 8 wherein the or each said rib comprises an open helical coil. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) A structure according to claim 1 comprising means for delivering working fluid in liquid phase to said wick material comprising a loop of apertured tubing interposed between said layers of wick material and breathable fabric. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) A structure according to claim 1 comprising means for delivering working fluid in liquid phase to said wick material comprising apertured tubing with wicks extending through said apertures from the interior of the tubing towards said material. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) A structure according to claim 1 wherein said working fluid is water. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) A structure according to claim 1 maintained under vacuum. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) A system according to claim 1 wherein the heat sink(s) are separate from the or each said structure and comprising at least one conduit for leading working fluid in vapour phase from said structure(s) towards the heat sink(s) and at least one conduit for returning working fluid in liquid phase to said structure(s). ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) A garment, or an item of personal protective equipment, incorporating or adapted for use with a system according to claim 1, and supporting one or more said evaporative structures so as to be in heat transferring relationship with part of the human body when worn.