# US 9,433,082 B1 · Propagation velocity tuning with functionalized carbon nanomaterial in printed wiring boards (PWBs) and other substrates, and design structures for same

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- Number: US 9,433,082 B1
- Document ID: US9433082B1
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B1
- Application number: 14/730,286
- Filed: 2015-06-04
- Granted: 2016-08-30
- Earliest claimed: 2015-03-31
- Assignees: International Business Machines Corporation
- Applicants: International Business Machines Corporation
- Inventors: Dylan J. Boday; Samuel R. Connor; Joseph Kuczynski
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9433082B1

## CPC

- H05K 1/0248: {Skew reduction or using delay lines}
- G06F 30/39: Circuit design at the physical level (physical level design for reconfigurable circuits G06F30/347)
- G06F 30/394: Routing (G06F30/396 takes precedence)
- H03H 3/00: Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators
- H03H 7/25: comprising an element controlled by an electric or magnetic variable (H03H7/27 takes precedence)
- H05K 1/024: {Dielectric details, e.g. changing the dielectric material around a transmission line}
- H05K 1/0245: {Lay-out of balanced signal pairs, e.g. differential lines or twisted lines}
- H05K 1/0366: {reinforced, e.g. by fibres, fabrics (H05K1/036 takes precedence)}
- H05K 3/0005: {for designing circuits by computer}
- H05K 3/064: {Photoresists}
- H03H 2210/02: Variable filter component
- Y10T 29/49155: Manufacturing circuit on or in base
- H05K: PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N)
- H03H: IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS (waveguides, resonators, lines or other devices of the waveguide type H01P)
- Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION

## Abstract

An apparatus has a permittivity attenuation layer interposed between a substrate and a first conductive trace, wherein the permittivity attenuation layer comprises a resin matrix containing functionalized carbon nanomaterial, such as functionalized single-wall carbon nanotubes (f-SWNTs). In some embodiments, a design structure for designing, manufacturing, or testing the apparatus is tangibly embodied in a machine readable medium. In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises an enhanced laminate core for use in a printed wiring board (PWB) that contains a differential pair having an inner-leg conductive trace and an outer-leg conductive trace. A permittivity attenuation layer is interposed between the inner-leg conductive trace and a laminate core, wherein the loading level of f-SWNTs in the permittivity attenuation layer is selected to attenuate the permittivity of the inner-leg conductive trace to match the permittivity of the outer-leg conductive trace.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An apparatus, comprising:
a substrate;
a first conductive trace, wherein the first conductive trace comprises an inner-leg conductive trace of a differential pair;
a second conductive trace, wherein the second conductive trace comprises an outer-leg conductive trace of the differential pair;
a permittivity attenuation layer interposed between the first conductive trace and the substrate, wherein the permittivity attenuation layer comprises a resin matrix containing functionalized carbon nanomaterial and non-functionalized carbon nanomaterial blended with the functionalized carbon nanomaterial, wherein the functionalized carbon nanomaterial comprises functionalized single-wall carbon nanotubes (f-SWNTs) functionalized to include either amine functional groups or alkoxy functional groups, wherein the non-functionalized carbon nanomaterial comprises non-functionalized single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), and wherein the loading level of the f-SWNTs and the loading level of the non-functionalized SWNTs are selected to attenuate the permittivity of the inner-leg conductive trace to match the permittivity of the outer-leg conductive trace.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein the substrate is a laminate core for use in a printed wiring board (PWB), wherein the laminate core comprises a glass fiber substrate impregnated with a varnish coating, and wherein the resin matrix of the permittivity attenuation layer and the varnish coating of the laminate core each includes an epoxy-based resin.