# US 9,432,133 B2 · Vector signal generator channel characterization employing orthogonal modulation > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 9,432,133 B2 - Document ID: US9432133B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 14/613,223 - Filed: 2015-02-03 - Published: 2016-08-04 - Granted: 2016-08-30 - Earliest claimed: 2015-02-03 - Assignees: Keysight Technologies, Inc. - Applicants: Keysight Technologies, Inc. - Inventors: Douglas Olney - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9432133B2 ## CPC - H04L 27/2602: {Signal structure} - G01R 23/20: Measurement of non-linear distortion - H04L 1/20: using signal quality detector - H04L 1/242: {by comparing a transmitted test signal with a locally generated replica} - H04L 5/0042: {Intra-user or intra-terminal allocation} - H04L 5/0007: {the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A) or DMT} - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) - G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12) ## Abstract Multichannel signal generator performance characterization employs orthogonal modulation to characterize a relative performance of channels of a multichannel signal generator. The performance characterization includes generating a first signal in a first channel of the multichannel signal generator and generating a second signal in a second channel of the multichannel signal generator. The first and second signals include an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) digital modulation having a first set of subcarriers assigned to the first signal and a second set of subcarriers assigned to the second signal. Performance characterization further includes combining the first signal and the second signal to produce a combined signal along with receiving and demodulating the combined signal according to the OFDM digital modulation using a digital receiver and determining a performance parameter of the second channel relative to the first channel from the received and demodulated combined signal. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of characterizing multichannel signal generator performance employing orthogonal modulation, the method comprising: generating a first signal in a first channel of a multichannel signal generator, the first signal comprising a first set of subcarriers of an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) digital modulation; generating a second signal in a second channel of the multichannel signal generator, the second signal comprising a second set of subcarriers of the OFDM digital modulation; combining the first signal and the second signal to produce a combined signal; receiving and demodulating the combined signal according to the OFDM digital modulation using a digital receiver; and determining a performance parameter of the second channel relative to the first channel from the received and demodulated combined signal, wherein the first set of subcarriers excludes a subcarrier of the second set of subcarriers and the second set of subcarriers excludes a subcarrier of the first set of subcarriers, wherein during generating the first and second signals, a selected pair of the subcarriers of the first subcarrier set is configured to be frequency adjacent to one another without an intervening subcarrier of the second subcarrier set to facilitate unwrapping phase within the digital receiver. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of characterizing multichannel signal generator performance of claim 1, wherein the subcarriers of the first subcarrier set are interleaved with the subcarriers of the second subcarrier set where the subcarriers of the first subcarrier set alternate with the subcarriers of the second subcarrier set as a function of frequency. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method of characterizing multichannel signal generator performance of claim 2, wherein a subcarrier of the first subcarrier set is separated from a subcarrier of the second subcarrier set by an unused subcarrier, and wherein negative frequency subcarriers of the first and second subcarrier sets are offset from corresponding positive frequency sub carriers. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The method of characterizing multichannel signal generator performance of claim 2, further comprising modulating the subcarriers of the first and second subcarrier sets using analog random phase modulation, wherein the subcarriers of the first subcarrier set have a different analog random phase modulation than an analog random phase modulation of the subcarriers of the second subcarrier set. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of characterizing multichannel signal generator performance of claim 1, wherein combining the first signal and the second signal comprises using a passive, equal weighted, power combiner having a pair of inputs to receive the first and second signals and an output configured to provide the combined signal. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of characterizing multichannel signal generator performance of claim 1, wherein the digital receiver comprises a vector signal analyzer (VSA) connected to receive the combined signal, and wherein the multichannel signal generator comprises a vector signal generator (VSG). ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of characterizing multichannel signal generator performance of claim 1, further comprising vector averaging of the received, combined signal prior to separating the combined signal into a representation of the first and second signals using signal processing after the receiving and demodulating. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of characterizing multichannel signal generator performance of claim 1, wherein the determining the performance parameter comprises computing one or more of a relative time delay, a relative carrier phase, a relative gain and a relative flatness of the first and second channels of the multichannel signal generator from the received and demodulated combined signal. ### Claim 9 A vector signal generator performance characterization system comprising: a vector signal generator (VSG) configured to produce a first signal in a first VSG channel and a second signal in a second VSG channel, the first signal comprising a first set of subcarriers of an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) digital modulation, the second signal comprising a second set of subcarriers of the OFDM digital modulation; a power combiner connected to outputs of the first and second VSG channels to receive and combine the first and second signals into a combined signal; and a digital receiver connected to an output of the power combiner, the digital receiver being configured to receive and demodulate the combined signal to facilitate characterization of a relative performance of the first and second VSG channels, wherein the first set of subcarriers excludes a subcarrier of the second set of subcarriers and the second set of subcarriers excludes a subcarrier of the first set of subcarriers, and wherein a selected pair of subcarriers of the first subcarrier set is configured by the VSG to be frequency adjacent to one another without an intervening subcarrier of the second subcarrier set and another selected pair of subcarriers of the second subcarrier set is configured by the VSG to be frequency adjacent to one another without an intervening subcarrier of the first subcarrier set to facilitate unwrapping phase within the digital receiver. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The vector signal generator performance characterization system of claim 9, wherein the first subcarrier set is interleaved with the second subcarrier set where the subcarriers of the first and second subcarrier sets respectively alternate with one another as a function of frequency. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The vector signal generator performance characterization system of claim 9, wherein a subcarrier of the first subcarrier set is separated from a subcarrier of the second subcarrier set by an unused subcarrier, and wherein negative frequency subcarriers of the first and second subcarrier sets are offset from corresponding positive frequency subcarriers. ### Claim 12 (depends on 9) The vector signal generator performance characterization system of claim 9, wherein the power combiner comprises a passive, equal weighted, power combiner. ### Claim 13 (depends on 9) The vector signal generator performance characterization system of claim 9, wherein the digital receiver comprises a vector signal analyzer (VSA) including a single channel configured to receive and digitize the combined signal. ### Claim 14 (depends on 9) The vector signal generator performance characterization system of claim 9, wherein the digital receiver includes a signal processor configured to compute one or more of a relative time delay, a relative carrier phase, a relative gain and a relative flatness of the first and second VSG channels from the received and demodulated combined signal. ### Claim 15 (depends on 9) The vector signal generator performance characterization system of claim 9, further comprising a common reference source connected to the digital receiver and connected to both the first VSG channel and the second VSG channel. ### Claim 16 A non-transitory computer readable medium encoded with instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement multichannel signal generator performance characterization comprising: generating a first signal in a first channel of a multichannel signal generator, the first signal comprising a first set of subcarriers of an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) digital modulation; generating a second signal in a second channel of the multichannel signal generator, the second signal comprising a second set of subcarriers of the OFDM digital modulation; receiving and demodulating a combined signal according to the OFDM digital modulation using a digital receiver, the combined signal comprising the first and second signals; and determining a performance parameter of the second channel relative to the first channel using the received and demodulated combined signal, wherein the first set of subcarriers excludes a subcarrier of the second set of subcarriers and the second set of subcarriers excludes a subcarrier of the first set of subcarriers, and wherein during generating the first and second signals, a selected pair of the subcarriers of the first subcarrier set is configured to be frequency adjacent to one another without an intervening subcarrier of the second subcarrier set to facilitate unwrapping phase within the digital receiver. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the first subcarrier set is interleaved with the second subcarrier set where the subcarriers of the first subcarrier set alternate with the subcarriers of the second subcarrier set as a function of frequency, and wherein a subcarrier of the first subcarrier set is separated from a subcarrier of the second subcarrier set by an unused subcarrier, and wherein negative frequency subcarriers of the first and second subcarrier sets are offset from corresponding positive frequency subcarriers. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) A vector signal generator performance characterization system comprising the non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, the vector signal generator performance characterization system further comprising: the processor configured to execute the instructions encoded on the non-transitory computer readable medium; the multichannel signal generator comprising a vector signal generator (VSG) configured to generate the first and second signals in first and second channels of the VSG; a power combiner configured to combine the first and second signals to produce the combined signal; and the digital receiver comprising a vector signal analyzer (VSA) connected to an output of the power combiner and configured to receive and digitize the combined signal, wherein the processor is connected to control one or both of the multichannel signal generator and the digital receiver, according to the executed instructions.