Direct aqueous phase reforming and aldol condensation to form bio-based fuels

A method comprising:

• providing a bio-based feedstock comprising lignin;
• contacting the bio-based feedstock comprising lignin with a solvent to form an intermediate product comprising carbohydrates wherein the bio-based feedstock is contacted with a hydrolysis catalyst selected from the group consisting of:
• an organic acid catalyst, a base catalyst, a metal catalyst, acetic acid, formic acid, levulinic acid, and any combination thereof;
• contacting at least a portion of the intermediate product with a hydrogenolysis catalyst in the presence of a first hydrogen source to form at least some hydrogenolysis reaction products;
• contacting at least a portion of the intermediate product with a hydrogenation catalyst in the presence of a second hydrogen source to form at least some hydrogenation reaction products;
• contacting at least a portion of the intermediate product with an aqueous phase reforming catalyst to form an aqueous phase reforming reaction product;
• wherein at least a portion of the hydrogenolysis reaction products, at least a portion of the hydrogenation reaction products, and at a least a portion of the aqueous phase reforming reaction products are combined to form a plurality of oxygenated intermediates, wherein a first portion of the oxygenated intermediates are recycled to form the solvent and wherein the hydrolysis reaction and at least one of the hydrogenolysis reaction, hydrogenation reaction, and aqueous phase reforming reaction take place in the same vessel;
• and
• contacting at least a second portion of the oxygenated intermediates with a condensation catalyst comprising a base functionality to form a fuel blend.

A method comprising:

• providing a bio-based feedstock comprising lignin;
• contacting the bio-based feedstock comprising lignin with an aqueous phase reforming catalyst in a vessel to form a plurality of oxygenated intermediates;
• contacting the bio-based feedstock comprising lignin with a solvent in a hydrolysis reaction wherein the bio-based feedstock is contacted with a hydrolysis catalyst comprising at least one catalyst selected from the group consisting of:
• an organic acid catalyst, a base catalyst, a metal catalyst, acetic acid, formic acid, levulinic acid, and any combination thereof, wherein the hydrolysis catalyst and aqueous phase reforming catalyst are in the same vessel and
• contacting at least a portion of the oxygenated intermediates with a condensation catalyst comprising a base functionality to form a fuel blend.