A method for producing a silk fibroin matrix having at least a portion of a first surface modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), at a density of about 75 μg PEG/cm2 silk fibroin matrix to about 750 μg PEG/cm2 silk fibroin matrix, so that the matrix is a PEGylated matrix,
- wherein the PEG is not substantially present in the bulk of the silk fibroin matrix and does not alter bulk material properties of the silk fibroin matrix, in that the PEGylated matrix shows one or more bulk material properties that are substantially identical or equivalent to those displayed by an otherwise identical silk fibroin matrix lacking the PEG, comprising:
- providing a silk fibroin matrix, wherein the silk fibroin matrix is solid-state, and optionally hydrating the silk fibroin matrix;
- and
- reacting said at least a portion of the first surface of the silk fibroin matrix with a functional group-activated PEG for a time sufficient for the functional group-activated PEG to bind to said at least a portion of the first surface of the silk fibroin matrix.