Anode and battery

An anode comprising:

• an anode current collector;
• an anode active material layer on the anode current collector formed by at least one method selected from the group consisting of a vapor-phase deposition method, a liquid-phase deposition method and a sintering method;
• and
• a coating including lithium carbonate ,
• wherein,
• an amount of lithium inserted into the anode active material layer before initial charge is from 5% to 40% of the anode capacity,
• the lithium carbonate is formed from the insertion of lithium into the anode active material layer and the inactivation of the active material by an inactivated gas including carbon dioxide, and
• the anode active material layer includes at least one kind selected from the group consisting of simple substances, alloys and compounds of (a) silicon, (b) germanium and (c) tin.

A battery comprising:

• a cathode;
• an anode;
• and
• an electrolyte,
• wherein,
• the anode comprises an anode current collector, an anode active material layer on the anode current collector and a coating including lithium carbonate,
• an amount of lithium inserted into the anode active material layer before initial charge is from 5% to 40% of the anode capacity,
• the coating including lithium carbonate is formed from the insertion of lithium into the anode active material layer and the inactivation of the active material by an inactivated gas including carbon dioxide, and
• the anode active material layer includes at least one kind selected from the group consisting of simple substances, alloys and compounds of (a) silicon, (b) germanium and (c) tin.

A battery comprising:

• a cathode;
• an anode;
• and
• an electrolyte,
• wherein,
• the anode comprises:
• (a) an anode current collector, (b) an anode active material layer on the anode current collector formed by at least one method selected from the group consisting of a vapor-phase deposition method, a liquid-phase deposition method and a sintering method, and (c) a coating including lithium carbonate,
• an amount of lithium inserted into the anode active material layer before initial charge is from 5% to 40% of the anode capacity,
• the coating including lithium carbonate is formed from the insertion of lithium into the anode active material layer and the inactivation of the active material by an inactivated gas including carbon dioxide, and
• the anode active material layer includes at least one kind selected from the group consisting of simple substances, alloys and compounds of (a) silicon, (b) germanium and (c) tin.