Protein-containing adhesives, and manufacture and use thereof

An adhesive composition comprising:

• (a) from about 1% to about 90% (w/w) of a reactive prepolymer;
• (b) water;
• and
• (c) ground plant meal in an amount sufficient to disperse the reactive prepolymer in an aqueous medium;
• wherein the ground plant meal is derived from cotton, soy, flax, or a combination thereof;
• the ground plant meal being present in an amount ranging from about 1% (w/w) to about 50% (w/w) of the adhesive composition.