Scalable multiple-inverse diffusion flame burner for synthesis and processing of carbon-based and other nanostructured materials and films and fuels

A multiple inverse-diffusion flame (IDF) method to fabricate strengthened composites, comprising the steps of:

• a) depositing Fe or other catalyst on a substrate by thermal decomposition of a metalorganic precursor;
• b) depositing a thin coat of a hard material on the Fe or catalyst-coated substrate by low-temperature thermal decomposition of a hydrocarbon precursor;
• and
• c) depositing a thicker coat of the hard material on the thin-coated substrate by high-temperature thermal decomposition of a hydrocarbon precursor.