Organic dyes having rigid donor, process for producing the same, and dye-sensitized solar cell

A process for producing an organic dye having a rigid donor, which comprises following steps:

• subjecting a rigid donor compound having the structure of formula (III) to bromination and Heck coupling reaction successively, or subjecting a rigid donor compound having the structure of formula (III) to Suzuki reaction and Stille coupling reaction successively, to obtain a first dye precursor ester;
• and reacting the first dye precursor ester in the presence of a strong base to give an organic dye having the structure of formula (I);
• or, subjecting a rigid donor compound having the structure of formula (IV) to bromination and Heck coupling reaction successively, or subjecting rigid donor compound having the structure of formula (IV) to Suzuki reaction and Stille coupling reaction successively, to obtain a second dye precursor ester;
• and reacting the second dye precursor ester in the presence of a strong base to give an organic dye having the structure of formula (II),
• wherein, R1 is selected from H or C1-C18 alkyl;
• R5 is selected from H, C1-C18 alkyl or C1-C18 alkoxy;
• R6 and R7 are independently selected from H, C1-C18 alkyl, C1-C18 alkoxyphenyl or C1-C18 alkylphenyl;
• X is selected from any one of the groups represented by formulae (a) to (d):
• Y is selected from a group represented by formula (e):
• in the formula (e), R2 and R3 are independently selected from H, F, C1-C18 alkyl or C1-C18 alkoxyphenyl;
• R4 is selected from any one of the groups represented by formulae (g) to (i):

A process for producing an organic dye having a rigid donor, which comprises the following steps:

• reacting a dye precursor aldehyde having the structure of formula (IX) with cyanoacrylic acid in the presence of ammonium acetate to give an organic dye having the structure of formula (I);
• or, reacting a dye precursor aldehyde having the structure of formula (X) with cyanoacrylic acid in the presence of ammonium acetate to give an organic dye having the structure of formula (II);
• wherein R1 is selected from H or C1-C18 alkyl;
• R5 is selected from H, C1-C18 alkyl or C1-C18 alkoxy;
• R6 and R7 are independently selected from H, C1-C18 alkyl, C1-C18 alkoxyphenyl or C1-C18 alkylphenyl;
• X is selected from any one of the groups represented by formulae (b) to (d):
• Y is a group represented by formula (f):