Parametric amplification and switched voltage signals for propellantless propulsion

A method of producing thrust without the irreversible ejection of material propellant, comprising:

• applying time-varying (AC) electromagnetic fields to an electrostrictive material or a magnetostrictive material in such a way that internal energies change as portions of the electrostrictive material or the magnetostrictive material are accelerated;
• wherein the electrostrictive material or the magnetostrictive material is accelerated by the applied time-varying (AC) electromagnetic fields, producing positive and negative fluctuations in the rest mass of the electrostrictive material or the magnetostrictive material;
• wherein the time-varying (AC) electromagnetic fields act upon the electrostrictive material or the magnetostrictive material with an accelerating periodic force with a frequency and phase so that the electrostrictive material or the magnetostrictive material is always accelerated by the accelerating periodic force in one direction when the mass fluctuation is positive, and in an opposite direction when the mass fluctuation is negative to produce net thrust over at least one cycle of the applied time-varying (AC) electromagnetic fields;
• adding a stationary (DC) voltage to the time-varying (AC) voltage to create a greater thrusting force than with the applied time-varying (AC) electromagnetic fields alone;
• and
• wherein the electrostrictive material or the magnetostrictive material is energized at a first frequency, and the accelerating periodic force is at a second frequency which is twice the first frequency.