Thin form factor computational array cameras and modular array cameras

An M×N array camera comprising:

• a plurality of X×Y sub-array modules, each comprising:
• an X×Y arrangement of focal planes, wherein:
• X and Y are each greater than or equal to 1;
• each focal plane comprises a plurality of rows of pixels that also form a plurality of columns of pixels;
• and
• each focal plane does not include pixels from another focal plane;
• the X×Y arrangement of focal planes are embodied within an integrated circuit that does not include any focal planes of another X×Y sub-array module;
• and
• an X×Y arrangement of lens stacks, the X×Y arrangement of lens stacks being disposed relative to the X×Y arrangement of focal planes so as to form an X×Y arrangement of cameras, each of which being configured to independently capture an image of a scene, wherein each lens stack has a field of view that is shifted with respect to the field-of-views of each other lens stack so that each shift includes a sub-pixel shifted view of the scene;
• image data output circuitry that is configured to output image data from the sub-array module that is capable of being aggregated with image data from other sub-array modules to construct an image of the scene;
• and
• interface circuitry configured to couple, either directly or indirectly, with one of:
• another X×Y sub-array module or a processor that is in electrical communication with at least one other X×Y sub-array module;
• wherein the interface circuitry is configured to transmit output image data to a directly or indirectly coupled X×Y sub-array module or a directly or indirectly coupled processor that is in electrical communication with at least one other X×Y sub-array module;
• wherein the plurality of X×Y sub-array modules define at least some of the cameras in an M×N arrangement of cameras;
• and
• a processor;
• wherein each sub-array module is configured to transmit respective output image data to the processor via its respective distinct interface circuitry;
• wherein the processor is configured to construct an image of the scene using image data generated by each of the sub-array modules.