Electroseismic surveying in exploration and production environments

A method for monitoring a fracturing operation in a subsurface formation, comprising:

• receiving, at a time before the fracturing operation, first survey data from a first sensor array;
• receiving, at a time after the fracturing operation, second survey data from the first sensor array;
• processing the first survey data and the second survey data to determine one or more properties of the fracturing operation of subsurface earth formation;
• and
• wherein the first survey data and second survey data include signals generated by a subsurface earth formation in response to a passive-source electromagnetic signal, wherein the electromagnetic signal is generated by an electroseismic or seismoelectric conversion of the passive-source electromagnetic signal;
• wherein the passive-source electromagnetic signal includes the earth's natural electromagnetic field and wherein the processing the first survey data and the second survey data to determine the one or more properties of the subsurface formation is based, at least in part, on a correlation of the earth's electromagnetic field and the electromagnetic signal generated by the electroseismic or seismoelectric conversion of the earth's natural electromagnetic field.

A system comprising:

• an apparatus for performing a fracturing operation in a subsurface formation;
• a first sensor array to detect one or more seismic signals and one or more electromagnetic signals;
• and
• a processor;
• a memory comprising non-transitory executable instructions, that, when executed cause the processor to:
• receive, from a first sensor array, one or more signals caused, at least in part, by the fracturing operation in the subterranean formation;
• receive, from the first sensor array, one or more electromagnetic signals generated by an electroseismic or seismoelectric conversion of the seismic signals caused, at least in part, by the fracturing operation in the subterranean formation;
• determine a property of one or more of a fracture or the subterranean formation based, at least in part, at least in part, on the signals received from the first sensor array.