Method for manufacturing toner, toner and image forming method

A toner obtained by a method comprising:

• (a) dissolving or dispersing a toner material comprising a binder resin, a precursor of a binder resin, or both, in an organic solvent;
• (b) dispersing a solution obtained in (a) in a first aqueous medium comprising a dispersant;
• (c) forming particles by removing the organic solvent from a solution obtained in (b);
• (d) washing the particles obtained in (c);
• (e) forming voids in the particles obtained in (d) by heating the particles to a temperature T while or after dispersing the particles in a second aqueous medium;
• (f) forming toner base particles by adding a charge controlling agent to a solution obtained in (e);
• and
• (g) adding an external additive to the toner base particles to obtain toner particles,
• wherein the temperature T in (e) is between a glass transition temperature Tg of the toner particles and Tg+25° C., and
• wherein the toner has a cross-sectional void fraction Sp/St of 0.1% to 15.0%, where St is a cross-sectional area of the toner particles, and Sp is a cross-sectional area of the voids.

An image forming method, comprising:

• forming an electrostatic latent image;
• developing;
• transferring;
• and
• fixing,
• wherein an electrostatic latent image formed on an electrostatic latent image bearing member is developed using a toner obtained by a method comprising:
• (a) dissolving or dispersing a toner material comprising a binder resin, a precursor of a binder resin, or both, in an organic solvent;
• (b) dispersing a solution obtained in (a) in a first aqueous medium comprising a dispersant;
• (c) forming particles by removing the organic solvent from a solution obtained in (b);
• (d) washing the particles obtained in (c);
• (e) forming voids in the particles obtained in (d) by heating the particles to a temperature T while or after dispersing the particles in a second aqueous medium;
• (f) forming toner base particles by adding a charge controlling agent to a solution obtained in (e);
• and
• (g) adding an external additive to the toner base particles to obtain toner particles,
• wherein the temperature T in (e) is between a glass transition temperature Tg of the toner particles and Tg+25° C., and
• wherein the toner has a cross-sectional void fraction Sp/St of 0.1% to 15.0%, where St is a cross-sectional area of the toner particles, and Sp is a cross-sectional area of the voids.