Process and system employing phase-changing absorbents and magnetically responsive sorbent particles for on-board recovery of carbon dioxide from mobile sources

A system for on-board treatment of an exhaust gas stream containing CO2 emitted by a hydrocarbon-fueled internal combustion engine used to power a vehicle in order to reduce the amount of CO2 discharged from the vehicle into the atmosphere, the system comprising:

• a. an absorption zone containing a CO2 capture agent for removing CO2 from the exhaust gas stream,
• the absorption zone having an inlet for receiving the CO2 capture agent stream and an inlet for introducing the exhaust gas stream,
• the absorption zone also having an outlet for discharging a mixture of a the agent with captured CO2 and a treated exhaust gas stream having a reduced CO2 content;
• b. a separation zone for separating the sorbent having captured CO2 from the treated exhaust gas stream;
• and
• c. a regeneration zone for releasing the CO2 and regenerating the capture agent using heat exchange with a hot fluid that includes one or more of the exhaust gas stream, hot engine coolant or transmission fluid,
• the regeneration zone including a heat exchanger with an inlet for admitting the agent with captured CO2 and an inlet for introducing the hot fluid,
• the regeneration zone also having an outlet for discharging the regenerated CO2 capture agent, an outlet for the released CO2, and an outlet for discharging a cooled fluid stream.

A system for on-board treatment of an exhaust gas stream containing CO2 emitted by a hydrocarbon-fueled internal combustion engine used to power a vehicle in order to reduce the amount of CO2 discharged from the vehicle into the atmosphere, the system comprising:

• a. an absorption zone containing a CO2 capture agent for removing CO2 from the exhaust gas stream,
• the absorption zone having an inlet for receiving the CO2 capture agent stream and an inlet for introducing the exhaust gas stream,
• the absorption zone also having an outlet for discharging a mixture of a the agent with captured CO2 and a treated exhaust gas stream having a reduced CO2 content;
• b. a separation zone for separating the sorbent having captured CO2 from the treated exhaust gas stream;
• and
• c. a regeneration zone for releasing the CO2 and regenerating the capture agent using heat exchange with one or more hot metal engine components, the regeneration zone including a heat exchanger with an inlet for admitting the agent with captured CO2, the heat exchanger having surfaces comprising metal engine components and/or surfaces in heat transfer relation with metal engine components, the regeneration zone also having an outlet for discharging the regenerated CO2 capture agent and an outlet for the released CO2.