# US 9,092,487 B1 · Analyzing content using abstractable interchangeable elements > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 9,092,487 B1 - Document ID: US9092487B1 - Status: Granted - Kind: B1 - Application number: 13/954,639 - Filed: 2013-07-30 - Granted: 2015-07-28 - Earliest claimed: 2010-07-07 - Assignees: OpenLogic, Inc. - Applicants: OpenLogic, Inc. - Inventors: Rod Cope - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9092487B1 ## CPC - G06F 16/2457: with adaptation to user needs - G06F 16/80: of semi-structured data, e.g. markup language structured data such as SGML, XML or HTML (content-based retrieval of web data G06F16/95) - G06F 21/16: Program or content traceability, e.g. by watermarking - G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N) ## Abstract A system and method (a “utility”) is provided for improving the accuracy of a content matching analysis that identifies a composition of an item of protectable content of a user. The item of protectable content may include a portion of source code or object code, individual or bundled source code or object code files, binary code files, directory structures and/or trees, open source software projects or packages, and/or proprietary software applications or packages. The utility involves storing a number of items of comparison content on a storage structure, receiving an item of user content at a computer-based content exchange, and comparing the item of user content to the items of comparison content to determine, from among the items of comparison content, one or more potential matches that each include a matched portion that is similar to a portion of the item of user content. The utility further includes selecting a noise reduction technique from a number of noise reduction techniques available to the content exchange and applying the noise reduction technique to eliminate noise and/or false positives (e.g., one or more redundant matches and/or erroneously identified matches) from the potential matches. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for use in analyzing protectable content, comprising: storing, in a memory structure, a plurality of items of comparison content in a first format and a second format; receiving, from a user at a computer-based content exchange, an item of user content in said first format, at least one of said plurality of items of comparison content and said item of user content including open source content; converting said item of user content from said first format to said second format, wherein said converting comprises abstracting one or more interchangeable elements of said item of user content, and wherein said interchangeable elements combine to comprise less than an entirety of said item of user content, said interchangeable elements indicative of a non-functional element associated with said item of user content; comparing, using said computer-based content exchange, said item of user content in said second format to said items of comparison content in said second format; and in response to said comparing, determining that said item of user content and at least one of said items of comparison content each include a substantially similar portion. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein each of said plurality of items of comparison content and said item of user content comprise open source or proprietary content and are formed of one or more portions of source code, one or more portions of binary code, one or more source code files or binary code files, one or more directory structures, software projects, software applications, or software packages. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said converting step comprises applying a one-way hashing function to said item of user content in said first format. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said first format comprises code text and said second format comprises one or more hashed signatures associated with said code text. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said interchangeable elements include one or more of variable names, comments, new line characters, line ending characters, spaces, and tabs. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said abstracting comprises removing said interchangeable elements. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said abstracting comprises replacing each said interchangeable element with a generic element. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) A method as set forth in claim 7, wherein said generic element is a wildcard. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said first format for said item of user content is incompatible with said first format for one or more of said items of comparison content. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) A method as set forth in claim 9, wherein said item of user content in said first format exists in a first file type and said one or more of said items of comparison content in said first format exist in a second file type. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said converting step comprises dividing said item of user content into portions prior to said abstracting step. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) A method as set forth in claim 11, wherein each said portion comprises a file, a block of content within said file, or a bundle of files. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) A method as set forth in claim 12, wherein said block of content comprises a defined number of lines of code or a defined number of code characters. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) A method as set forth in claim 1, further comprising: using metadata associated with said item of user content and said items of comparison content, operating said computer-based content exchange for: locating said substantially similar portion within said first format of said item of user content and said first format of at least one of said items of comparison content; and comparing said substantially similar portion within said item of user content to said substantially similar portion within said at least one of said items of comparison content. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) A method as set forth in claim 14, wherein said comparing said substantially similar portions comprises comparing code text. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) A method as set forth in claim 15, wherein said comparing said substantially similar portions occurs on a private network maintained behind a firewall associated with said user. ### Claim 17 A system for analyzing user content, comprising: a memory structure for storing a plurality of items of comparison content and one or more comparison signatures corresponding to each said item of comparison content, said one or more comparison signatures having previously been abstracted of one or more interchangeable elements of at least one of said plurality of items of comparison content; a scanner for receiving an item of user content from a user and creating one or more user signatures associated with said item of user content, wherein each said user signature abstracts one or more interchangeable elements of said item of user content, said one or more interchangeable elements indicative of a non-functional element associated with said item of user content; and a processor for comparing said user signatures to said comparison signatures and determining whether at least one of said items of comparison content includes a matched potion that is similar to a portion of said item of user content. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) A system as set forth in claim 17, wherein each said item of comparison content and said item of user content comprise open source or proprietary software and include portions of source code, portions of binary code, source code files, binary code files, directory structures, directory trees, software projects, software applications, or software packages. ### Claim 19 (depends on 17) A system as set forth in claim 17, wherein each said comparison signature and each said user signature comprises a hash value. ### Claim 20 (depends on 17) A system as set forth in claim 17, wherein said interchangeable elements include variable names, comments, new line characters, line ending characters, spaces, and tabs. ### Claim 21 (depends on 17) A system as set forth in claim 17, wherein said scanner removes said interchangeable elements. ### Claim 22 (depends on 17) A system as set forth in claim 17, wherein said scanner replaces each said interchangeable element with a generic element. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) A system as set forth in claim 22, wherein said generic element is a wildcard. ### Claim 24 (depends on 17) A system as set forth in claim 17, wherein said comparison signatures and said user signatures are created from different file types. ### Claim 25 (depends on 17) A system as set forth in claim 17, wherein each said user signature represents a portion of said item of user content. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) A system as set forth in claim 25, wherein each said portion comprises a file, a block of content within said file, or a bundle of files, and wherein said block of content comprises a defined number of lines of code or a defined number of code characters. ### Claim 27 (depends on 17) A system as set forth in claim 17, further comprising an interface structure for outputting an identification of said items of comparison content that include said matched portion. ### Claim 28 (depends on 17) A system as set forth in claim 17, wherein said scanner resides on a private network behind a firewall. ### Claim 29 (depends on 28) A system as set forth in claim 28, wherein said processor uses metadata associated with said comparison signatures to locate said matched portion within said item of comparison content and metadata associated with said user signatures to locate said portion within said item of user content, allowing said matched portion of said item of comparison content and said portion of said item of user content to be loaded for direct comparison by said user. ### Claim 30 A system as set forth in 29, wherein said item of user content remains behind said firewall, and wherein said portion of said item of user content is loaded for said direct comparison behind said firewall. ### Claim 31 (depends on 29) A system as set forth in claim 29, wherein said direct comparison comprises comparing code text of said portion of said item of user content directly against code text of said matched portion of said item of comparison content. ### Claim 32 A method of analyzing user content, comprising: storing, in a memory structure, a plurality of comparison signatures, wherein each said comparison signature is associated with an item of comparison content, at least one of said, plurality of comparison signatures having previously been abstracted of one or more interchangeable elements of said item of comparison content; receiving, at a scanner located at a user node, an item of user content; dividing said item of user content into one or more portions; creating, using said scanner, a user signature associated with each said portion, wherein each said user signature abstracts one or more interchangeable elements of said portion; comparing, using a computer-based content exchange, said user signatures to said comparison signatures; and from said comparing, determining which of said items of comparison content include a matched portion that is similar to one of said portions of said item of user content.