AV timing measurement and correction for digital television

In a television system having a first signal in compressed or uncompressed form and which includes a digital video signal carrying a television image, a second signal which is a single or multi-channel digital audio signal, which second signal may be carried by or with the first signal or separately, and a plurality of markers associated with the television image carried by the first signal and indicating one or more characteristic present in the audio of the second signal, an apparatus for finding the relative delay of the more delayed of the television image relative to audio of the second signal at a time after the plurality of markers were caused to be associated with the television image, said apparatus comprising;

• a) first delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to the presence of a plurality of markers associated with a television image in digital form carried by a first signal after said plurality of markers has been caused to be carried to said first delayed marker generator circuitry with said first delayed marker generator circuitry providing a first plurality of delayed markers,
• b) delayed marker generator circuitry including a plurality of filters to provide a plurality of filtered versions of audio of a said second signal, said delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to a plurality of filtered versions of a second signal in digital form and generating a second plurality of delayed markers indicating the presence of a plurality of frequency related amplitude characteristics of audio of said second signal,
• c) relative timing comparison circuitry responsive to said first plurality of delayed markers of a) and said second plurality of delayed markers of b) and providing a delay value indicating the delay of the earlier relative to the later of said first signal and said second signal which said value corresponds to the relative delay of the more delayed of said television image and said audio of said second signal relative to the least delayed of said television image and said audio of said second signal,
• d) wherein each of said elements a), b) and c) comprises electronic analog and/or digital hardware.

In a television system having a first signal comprised of digital data carrying a television image, a second signal comprised of single or multi-channel audio digital data associated with the television image, which second signal may be carried by or with the first signal or separately, the television system including one or more repeating markers responsive to the second signal and associated in time with the television image of the first signal by being placed at the desired position in said first signal, an apparatus for determining the relative timing of the television image and the associated audio at a time after the first signal and the second signal have experienced respective delays, said apparatus comprising;

• a) first delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to a first signal in digital form and which has been delayed and in response to a plurality of markers associated with a television image carried by said first signal, providing a corresponding first plurality of delayed markers in the same or different form,
• b) delayed marker generator circuitry including a plurality of filters responsive to a second signal which has been delayed, said second signal carrying audio in digital form which audio is associated with said television image, said delayed marker generator circuitry generating a second plurality of delayed markers in response to relationships of frequency related amplitude characteristics being present in said audio,
• c) in response to corresponding pairs of said first plurality of delayed markers of a) and said second plurality of delayed markers of b), finding the relative timing of said first signal and said second signal,
• d) wherein each of said electronic circuitry of elements a), b) and c) comprises analog and/or digital hardware.

In a digital television system including a transmit section having i) a first signal which carries an image which is a television image, ii) a second signal which is a single or multi-channel audio signal and which second signal may be carried by or with the first signal or separately and iii) a plurality of markers, each responsive to at least one characteristic of the audio signal, and associated in time with the image carried by the first signal before the first and second signals and the plurality of markers are conveyed via a transmission channel to arrive at a receive section in delayed form, the receive section including an apparatus for determining the relative timing of the first signal and the second signal at said receive section, said apparatus comprising;

• a) delayed marker separator circuitry responsive to a plurality of markers associated with a first signal's delayed television image in digital form and providing a first delayed plurality of markers,
• b) delayed marker generating circuitry responsive to a second signal's delayed audio and generating a second plurality of delayed markers in response to a plurality of characteristic of said second signal in digital form, which characteristics include a plurality of amplitude characteristics of said second signal's delayed audio, wherein said characteristics are determined by the relationship of different frequency energies in response to the outputs of a plurality of filters which are responsive to said second signal,
• c) relative timing comparison circuitry responsive to corresponding pairs of said first plurality of delayed markers of a) and said second plurality of delayed markers of b) thereby indicating which of said first signal and said second signal arrived earliest at said apparatus,
• d) wherein each of said circuitry of elements a), b) and c) comprises electronic analog and/or digital hardware.

In a digital television system including a transmit section having i) a first signal which carries an image which is a television image, ii) a second signal which is a single or multi-channel audio signal and which second signal may be carried by or with the first signal or separately and iii) a plurality of markers, each responsive to at least one characteristic of the audio signal, and associated in time with the image carried by the first signal before the first and second signals and the plurality of markers are conveyed via a transmission channel to arrive at a receive section in delayed form, the receive section including an apparatus for determining the relative timing of the first signal and the second signal at said receive section, said apparatus comprising;

• a) delayed marker separator circuitry responsive to a plurality of markers associated with a first signal's delayed television image in digital form and providing a first delayed plurality of markers,
• b) delayed marker generating circuitry responsive to a second signal's delayed audio and generating a second plurality of delayed markers in response to a plurality of characteristic of said second signal in digital form, which characteristics include a plurality of amplitude characteristics of said second signal, wherein said characteristics are responsive to the relationships of energies at the output of at least a first filter having a first frequency response characteristic and a second filter having a second frequency response characteristic wherein said first and said second filter are responsive to said audio signal,
• c) relative timing comparison circuitry responsive to corresponding pairs of said first plurality of delayed markers of a) and said second plurality of delayed markers of b) thereby indicating which of said first signal and said second signal arrived earliest at said apparatus,
• d) wherein each of said circuitry of elements a), b) and c) comprises electronic analog and/or digital hardware.

In a digital television system including a transmit section having i) a first signal which carries an image which is a television image, ii) a second signal which is a single or multi-channel audio signal and which second signal may be carried by or with the first signal or separately and iii) a plurality of markers, each responsive to at least one characteristic of the audio signal, and associated in time with the image carried by the first signal before the first and second signals and the plurality of markers are conveyed via a transmission channel to arrive at a receive section in delayed form, the receive section including an apparatus for determining the relative timing of the first signal and the second signal at said receive section, said apparatus comprising;

• a) delayed marker separator circuitry responsive to a plurality of markers associated with a first signal's delayed television image in digital form and providing a first delayed plurality of markers,
• b) delayed marker generating circuitry responsive to the second signal's delayed audio and generating a second plurality of delayed markers in response to a plurality of characteristic of said second signal in digital form, which characteristics include a plurality of amplitude characteristics of said second signal, wherein said characteristics are determined in response to the relationship of the outputs of a plurality of filters responsive to different frequency energies of audio of said second signal,
• c) relative timing comparison circuitry responsive to corresponding pairs of said first plurality of delayed markers of a) and said second plurality of delayed markers of b) thereby indicating which of said first signal and said second signal arrived earliest at said apparatus,
• d) wherein each of said circuitry of elements a), b) and c) comprises electronic analog and/or digital hardware.

In a digital television system including a transmit section having i) a first signal which carries an image which is a television image, ii) a second signal which is a single or multi-channel audio signal and which second signal may be carried by or with the first signal or separately and iii) a plurality of markers, each responsive to at least one characteristic of the audio signal, and associated in time with the image carried by the first signal before the first and second signals and the plurality of markers are conveyed via a transmission channel to arrive at a receive section in delayed form, the receive section including an apparatus for determining the relative timing of the first signal and the second signal at said receive section, said apparatus comprising;

• a) delayed marker separator circuitry responsive to a plurality of markers associated with a first signal's delayed television image in digital form and providing a first delayed plurality of markers,
• b) delayed marker generating circuitry responsive to a second signal's delayed audio and generating a second plurality of delayed markers in response to a plurality of characteristic of said second signal in digital form, which characteristics include a plurality of amplitude characteristics of said second signal, wherein said characteristics are determined in response to filtered positive and negative half cycles of said audio of said second signal which are coupled to a comparator and compared to at least one threshold, the output of which comparator is responsive to said audio of said second signal having energy at known levels and frequencies,
• c) relative timing comparison circuitry responsive to corresponding pairs of said first plurality of delayed markers of a) and said second plurality of delayed markers of b) thereby indicating which of said first signal and said second signal arrived earliest at said apparatus,
• d) wherein each of said circuitry of elements a), b) and c) comprises electronic analog and/or digital hardware.

In a digital television system including a transmit section having i) a first signal which carries an image which is a television image, ii) a second signal which is a single or multi-channel audio signal and which second signal may be carried by or with the first signal or separately and iii) a plurality of markers, each responsive to at least one characteristic of the audio signal, and associated in time with the image carried by the first signal before the first and second signals and the plurality of markers are conveyed via a transmission channel to arrive at a receive section in delayed form, the receive section including an apparatus for determining the relative timing of the first signal and the second signal at said receive section, said apparatus comprising;

• a) delayed marker separator circuitry responsive to a plurality of markers associated with a first signal's delayed television image in digital form and providing a first delayed plurality of markers,
• b) delayed marker generating circuitry including a plurality of filters each providing an output responsive to frequency energy present in said audio of a second signal with said frequency energy outputs being compared to determine the relationship thereof as part of generating said plurality of delayed markers,
• c) relative timing comparison circuitry responsive to corresponding pairs of said first plurality of delayed markers of a) and said second plurality of delayed markers of b) thereby indicating which of said first signal and said second signal arrived earliest at said apparatus,
• d) wherein each of said circuitry of elements a), b) and c) comprises electronic analog and/or digital hardware.

In a digital television system including a transmit section having i) a first signal which carries an image which is a television image, ii) a second signal which is a single or multi-channel audio signal and which second signal may be carried by or with the first signal or separately and iii) a plurality of markers, each responsive to at least one characteristic of the audio signal, and associated in time with the image carried by the first signal before the first and second signals and the plurality of markers are conveyed via a transmission channel to arrive at a receive section in delayed form, the receive section including an apparatus for determining the relative timing of the first signal and the second signal at said receive section, said apparatus comprising;

• a) delayed marker separator circuitry responsive to a plurality of markers associated with a first signal's delayed television image in digital form and providing a first delayed plurality of markers,
• b) delayed marker generating circuitry responsive to a second signal's delayed audio and generating a second plurality of delayed markers in response to a plurality of characteristic of said second signal in digital form, which characteristics include a plurality of amplitude characteristics of said second signal determined in response to filtered positive and negative half cycles of at least one audio channel of said second signal coupled to a comparator having an output which is activated if the amplitude of said filtered positive and negative half cycles exceed a threshold,
• c) relative timing comparison circuitry responsive to corresponding pairs of said first plurality of delayed markers of a) and said second plurality of delayed markers of b) thereby indicating which of said first signal and said second signal arrived earliest at said apparatus,
• d) wherein each of said circuitry of elements a), b) and c) comprises electronic analog and/or digital hardware.

In a digital television system including a transmit section having i) a first signal which carries an image which is a television image, ii) a second signal which is a single or multi-channel audio signal and which second signal may be carried by or with the first signal or separately and iii) a plurality of markers, each responsive to at least one characteristic of the audio signal, and associated in time with the image carried by the first signal before the first and second signals and the plurality of markers are conveyed via a transmission channel to arrive at a receive section in delayed form, the receive section including an apparatus for determining the relative timing of the first signal and the second signal at said receive section, said apparatus comprising;

• a) delayed marker separator circuitry responsive to a plurality of markers associated with a first signal's delayed television image in digital form and providing a first delayed plurality of markers,
• b) delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to a second signal's delayed audio and generating a second plurality of delayed markers in response to a plurality of characteristic of said second signal in digital form, which characteristics include a plurality of amplitude characteristics of said second signal, wherein in said delayed marker generator circuitry a combiner circuit combines a plurality of audio channels of said second signal, a plurality of filter circuits, each having different frequency response characteristics, is responsive to the output of said combiner circuit, wherein each of said plurality of filter circuits provides a filtered version of said combined plurality of channels with each said filtered version corresponding to the energy present at the combiner output which is passed by the corresponding filter circuit with the relationship of each said filtered version being utilized to provide said second plurality of delayed markers,
• c) relative timing comparison circuitry responsive to corresponding pairs of said first plurality of delayed markers of a) and said second plurality of delayed markers of b) thereby indicating which of said first signal and said second signal arrived earliest at said apparatus,
• d) wherein each of said circuitry of elements a), b) and c) comprises electronic analog and/or digital hardware.

In a digital television system including a transmit section having i) a first signal which carries an image which is a television image, ii) a second signal which is a single or multi-channel audio signal and which second signal may be carried by or with the first signal or separately and iii) a plurality of markers, each responsive to at least one characteristic of the audio signal, and associated in time with the image carried by the first signal before the first and second signals and the plurality of markers are conveyed via a transmission channel to arrive at a receive section in delayed form, the receive section including an apparatus for determining the relative timing of the first signal and the second signal at said receive section, said apparatus comprising;

• a) delayed marker separator circuitry responsive to a plurality of markers associated with a first signal's delayed television image in digital form and providing a first delayed plurality of markers,
• b) delayed marker generating circuitry responsive to a second signal's delayed audio and generating a second plurality of delayed markers in response to filtered signal positive and negative half cycle amplitudes of said second signal being greater than a threshold,
• c) relative timing comparison circuitry responsive to corresponding pairs of said first plurality of delayed markers of a) and said second plurality of delayed markers of b) thereby indicating which of said first signal and said second signal arrived earliest at said apparatus,
• d) wherein each of said circuitry of elements a), b) and c) comprises electronic analog and/or digital hardware.

In a HDTV television system having digital video signal and associated multiple channel digital audio signal, wherein the video and audio are compressed, transmitted in MPEG form, received by a receiver from the transmission channel and decoded to provide video, audio and a stream of audio markers previously generated in response to said audio in uncompressed form and associated with television images of said video, an apparatus for determining the delay of one or more audio channels relative to the television images, said apparatus including;

• a) receiving and decoding circuitry receiving an MPEG type signal from a transmission channel and providing a video signal carrying a television image in uncompressed digital form, an audio signal in uncompressed digital form comprised of one or more channels of audio associated with said television video signal, said receiving and decoding circuitry further providing a plurality of audio markers which were previously generated in response to said audio signal before compression;
• b) first delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to said plurality of audio markers of a) to provide a plurality of first delayed audio markers;
• c) delayed marker generator circuitry including a plurality of filter circuits responsive to said audio signal of a) each filter circuit operating to output a different filtered signal having an amplitude responsive to the presence of particular frequency energies of said audio signal with said delayed marker generator circuitry generating a plurality of second delayed audio markers in response to the relationship of said amplitudes;
• d) relative timing comparison circuitry responsive to said plurality of first delayed audio markers of b) and said plurality of second delayed audio markers of c) to determine the relative timing of said television image and said audio signal.

An apparatus for generating a marker in response to an audio signal which is part of a high definition television program, the marker capable of use in a television system to determine at least if the audio signal is synchronized to a corresponding signal, said apparatus including:

• first filter circuitry responsive to said audio signal in digital form to output a first output signal having an amplitude responsive to energy in a first range of frequencies less than the full range of frequencies which can be carried by said audio signal;
• second filter circuitry responsive to said audio signal to output a second output signal having an amplitude responsive to energy in a second range of frequencies less than the full range of frequencies which can be carried by said audio signal;
• a marker generator for generating a plurality of markers in response to said amplitude of said first output signal exceeding a threshold and said amplitude of said second output signal exceeding the same or a different threshold;
• a relative timing comparison circuit responsive to said markers and a second plurality of markers generated by equivalent first and second filter and marker generator circuitry and thereby determining which of said audio signal and a related video signal of the same high definition television program may be delayed relative to the other.

In a television system having a first signal in compressed or uncompressed form and which includes a digital video signal carrying a television image, a second signal which is a single or multi-channel digital audio signal, which second signal may be carried by or with the first signal or separately, and a plurality of markers associated with the television image carried by the first signal and indicating one or more characteristic present in the audio of the second signal, an apparatus for finding the relative delay of the more delayed of the television image relative to audio of the second signal at a time after the plurality of markers were caused to be associated with the television image, said apparatus comprising;

• a) first delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to the presence of a plurality of markers associated with a television image in digital form carried by a first signal after said plurality of markers has been caused to be carried to said first delayed marker generator circuitry with said first delayed marker generator circuitry providing a first plurality of delayed markers,
• b) delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to a plurality of filtered versions of a second signal in digital form and generating a second plurality of delayed markers indicating the presence of a plurality of frequency related amplitude characteristics of audio of said second signal, wherein said characteristics are determined by the relationship of different frequency energies in response to the outputs of a plurality of filters which are responsive to said second signal,
• c) relative timing comparison circuitry responsive to said first plurality of delayed markers of a) and said second plurality of delayed markers of b) and providing a delay value indicating the delay of the earlier relative to the later of said first signal and said second signal which said value corresponds to the relative delay of the more delayed of said television image and said audio of said second signal relative to the least delayed of said television image and said audio of said second signal,
• d) wherein each of said elements a), b) and c) comprises electronic analog and/or digital hardware.

In a television system having a first signal in compressed or uncompressed form and which includes a digital video signal carrying a television image, a second signal which is a single or multi-channel digital audio signal, which second signal may be carried by or with the first signal or separately, and a plurality of markers associated with the television image carried by the first signal and indicating one or more characteristic present in the audio of the second signal, an apparatus for finding the relative delay of the more delayed of the television image relative to audio of the second signal at a time after the plurality of markers were caused to be associated with the television image, said apparatus comprising;

• a) first delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to the presence of a plurality of markers associated with a television image in digital form carried by a first signal after said plurality of markers has been caused to be carried to said first delayed marker generator circuitry with said first delayed marker generator circuitry providing a first plurality of delayed markers,
• b) delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to a plurality of filtered versions of a second signal in digital form and generating a second plurality of delayed markers indicating the presence of a plurality of frequency related amplitude characteristics of audio of said second signal, wherein said characteristics are responsive to the relationships of energies at the output of at least a first filter having a first frequency response characteristic and a second filter having a second frequency response characteristic wherein said first and said second filter are responsive to said audio signal,
• c) relative timing comparison circuitry responsive to said first plurality of delayed markers of a) and said second plurality of delayed markers of b) and providing a delay value indicating the delay of the earlier relative to the later of said first signal and said second signal which said value corresponds to the relative delay of the more delayed of said television image and said audio of said second signal relative to the least delayed of said television image and said audio of said second signal,
• d) wherein each of said elements a), b) and c) comprises electronic analog and/or digital hardware, or combinations thereof.

In a television system having a first signal in compressed or uncompressed form and which includes a digital video signal carrying a television image, a second signal which is a single or multi-channel digital audio signal, which second signal may be carried by or with the first signal or separately, and a plurality of markers associated with the television image carried by the first signal and indicating one or more characteristic present in the audio of the second signal, an apparatus for finding the relative delay of the more delayed of the television image relative to audio of the second signal at a time after the plurality of markers were caused to be associated with the television image, said apparatus comprising;

• a) first delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to the presence of a plurality of markers associated with a television image in digital form carried by a first signal after said plurality of markers has been caused to be carried to said first delayed marker generator circuitry with said first delayed marker generator circuitry providing a first plurality of delayed markers,
• b) delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to a plurality of filtered versions of a second signal in digital form and generating a second plurality of delayed markers indicating the presence of a plurality of frequency related amplitude characteristics of audio of said second signal, wherein said characteristics are determined in response to the relationship of the outputs of a plurality of filters responsive to different frequency energies of audio of said second signal,
• c) relative timing comparison circuitry responsive to said first plurality of delayed markers of a) and said second plurality of delayed markers of b) and providing a delay value indicating the delay of the earlier relative to the later of said first signal and said second signal which said value corresponds to the relative delay of the more delayed of said television image and said audio of said second signal relative to the least delayed of said television image and said audio of said second signal,
• d) wherein each of said circuitry elements a), b) and c) comprises electronic analog and/or digital hardware.

In a television system having a first signal in compressed or uncompressed form and which includes a digital video signal carrying a television image, a second signal which is a single or multi-channel digital audio signal, which second signal may be carried by or with the first signal or separately, and a plurality of markers associated with the television image carried by the first signal and indicating one or more characteristic present in the audio of the second signal, an apparatus for finding the relative delay of the more delayed of the television image relative to audio of the second signal at a time after the plurality of markers were caused to be associated with the television image, said apparatus comprising;

• a) first delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to the presence of a plurality of markers associated with a television image in digital form carried by a first signal after said plurality of markers has been caused to be carried to said first delayed marker generator circuitry with said first delayed marker generator circuitry providing a first plurality of delayed markers,
• b) delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to a plurality of filtered versions of a second signal in digital form and generating a second plurality of delayed markers indicating the presence of a plurality of frequency related amplitude characteristics of audio of said second signal, wherein said characteristics are determined in response to filtered positive and negative half cycles of said audio of said second signal which are coupled to a comparator and compared to at least one threshold, the output of which comparator is responsive to said audio of said second signal having energy at known levels and frequencies,
• c) relative timing comparison circuitry responsive to said first plurality of delayed markers of a) and said second plurality of delayed markers of b) and providing a delay value indicating the delay of the earlier relative to the later of said first signal and said second signal which said value corresponds to the relative delay of the more delayed of said television image and said audio of said second signal relative to the least delayed of said television image and said audio of said second signal,
• d) wherein each of said elements a), b) and c) comprises electronic analog and/or digital hardware.

In a television system having a first signal in compressed or uncompressed form and which includes a digital video signal carrying a television image, a second signal which is a single or multi-channel digital audio signal, which second signal may be carried by or with the first signal or separately, and a plurality of markers associated with the television image carried by the first signal and indicating one or more characteristic present in the audio of the second signal, an apparatus for finding the relative delay of the more delayed of the television image relative to audio of the second signal at a time after the plurality of markers were caused to be associated with the television image, said apparatus comprising;

• a) first delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to the presence of a plurality of markers associated with a television image in digital form carried by a first signal after said plurality of markers has been caused to be carried to said first delayed marker generator circuitry with said first delayed marker generator circuitry providing a first plurality of delayed markers,
• b) delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to a plurality of filtered versions of a second signal in digital form and generating a second plurality of delayed markers indicating the presence of a plurality of frequency related amplitude characteristics of audio of said second signal, wherein said electronic delayed marker generator circuitry includes a plurality of filters each providing an output responsive to frequency energy present in said audio of said second signal with said frequency energy outputs being compared to determine the relationship thereof as part of generating said plurality of delayed markers,
• c) relative timing comparison circuitry responsive to said first plurality of delayed markers of a) and said second plurality of delayed markers of b) and providing a delay value indicating the delay of the earlier relative to the later of said first signal and said second signal which said value corresponds to the relative delay of the more delayed of said television image and said audio of said second signal relative to the least delayed of said television image and said audio of said second signal,
• d) wherein each of said elements a), b) and c) comprises electronic analog and/or digital hardware.

In a television system having a first signal in compressed or uncompressed form and which includes a digital video signal carrying a television image, a second signal which is a single or multi-channel digital audio signal, which second signal may be carried by or with the first signal or separately, and a plurality of markers associated with the television image carried by the first signal and indicating one or more characteristic present in the audio of the second signal, an apparatus for finding the relative delay of the more delayed of the television image relative to audio of the second signal at a time after the plurality of markers were caused to be associated with the television image, said apparatus comprising;

• a) first delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to the presence of a plurality of markers associated with a television image in digital form carried by a first signal after said plurality of markers has been caused to be carried to said first delayed marker generator circuitry with said first delayed marker generator circuitry providing a first plurality of delayed markers,
• b) delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to a plurality of filtered versions of a second signal in digital form and generating a second plurality of delayed markers indicating the presence of a plurality of frequency related amplitude characteristics of audio of said second signal determined in response to filtered positive and negative half cycles of at least one audio channel of said second signal coupled to a comparator having an output which is activated if said filtered positive and negative half cycles amplitude exceed a threshold,
• c) relative timing comparison circuitry responsive to said first plurality of delayed markers of a) and said second plurality of delayed markers of b) and providing a delay value indicating the delay of the earlier relative to the later of said first signal and said second signal which said value corresponds to the relative delay of the more delayed of said television image and said audio of said second signal relative to the least delayed of said television image and said audio of said second signal,
• d) wherein each of said elements a), b) and c) comprises electronic analog and/or digital hardware.

In a television system having a first signal in compressed or uncompressed form and which includes a digital video signal carrying a television image, a second signal which is a single or multi-channel digital audio signal, which second signal may be carried by or with the first signal or separately, and a plurality of markers associated with the television image carried by the first signal and indicating one or more characteristic present in the audio of the second signal, an apparatus for finding the relative delay of the more delayed of the television image relative to audio of the second signal at a time after the plurality of markers were caused to be associated with the television image, said apparatus comprising;

• a) first delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to the presence of a plurality of markers associated with a television image in digital form carried by a first signal after said plurality of markers has been caused to be carried to said first delayed marker generator circuitry with said first delayed marker generator circuitry providing a first plurality of delayed markers,
• b) delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to a plurality of filtered versions of a second signal in digital form and generating a second plurality of delayed markers indicating the presence of a plurality of frequency related amplitude characteristics of audio of said second signal, wherein in said delayed marker generator circuitry a combiner circuit combines a plurality of audio channels of said second signal, a plurality of filter circuits, each having different frequency response characteristics, is responsive to the output of said combiner circuit, wherein each of said plurality of filter circuits provides a filtered version of said combined plurality of channels with each said filtered version corresponding to the energy present at the combiner output which is passed by the corresponding filter circuit with the relationship of each said filtered version being utilized to provide said second plurality of delayed markers,
• c) relative timing comparison circuitry responsive to said first plurality of delayed markers of a) and said second plurality of delayed markers of b) and providing a delay value indicating the delay of the earlier relative to the later of said first signal and said second signal which said value corresponds to the relative delay of the more delayed of said television image and said audio of said second signal relative to the least delayed of said television image and said audio of said second signal,
• d) wherein each of said elements a), b) and c) comprises electronic analog and/or digital hardware.

In a television system having a first signal in compressed or uncompressed form and which includes a digital video signal carrying a television image, a second signal which is a single or multi-channel digital audio signal, which second signal may be carried by or with the first signal or separately, and a plurality of markers associated with the television image carried by the first signal and indicating one or more characteristic present in the audio of the second signal, an apparatus for finding the relative delay of the more delayed of the television image relative to audio of the second signal at a time after the plurality of markers were caused to be associated with the television image, said apparatus comprising;

• a) first delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to the presence of a plurality of markers associated with a television image in digital form carried by a first signal after said plurality of markers has been caused to be carried to said first delayed marker generator circuitry with said first delayed marker generator circuitry providing a first plurality of delayed markers,
• b) delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to a plurality of filtered versions of a second signal in digital form and generating a second plurality of delayed markers in response to filtered signal positive and negative half cycle amplitudes of said second signal being greater than a threshold indicating the presence of a plurality of frequency related amplitude characteristics of audio of said second signal,
• c) relative timing comparison circuitry responsive to said first plurality of delayed markers of a) and said second plurality of delayed markers of b) and providing a delay value indicating the delay of the earlier relative to the later of said first signal and said second signal which said value corresponds to the relative delay of the more delayed of said television image and said audio of said second signal relative to the least delayed of said television image and said audio of said second signal,
• d) wherein each of said elements a), b) and c) comprises electronic analog and/or digital hardware.

In a television system having a first signal comprised of digital data carrying a television image, a second signal comprised of single or multi-channel audio digital data associated with the television image, which second signal may be carried by or with the first signal or separately, the television system including one or more repeating markers responsive to the second signal and associated in time with the television image of the first signal, an apparatus for determining the relative timing of the television image and the associated audio at a time after the first signal and the second signal have experienced respective delays, said apparatus comprising;

• a) first delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to a first signal in digital form and which has been delayed and in response to a plurality of markers associated with a television image carried by said first signal, providing a corresponding first plurality of delayed markers,
• b) delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to a second signal which has been delayed, said second signal carrying audio in digital form which audio is associated with said television image, said delayed marker generator circuitry generating a second plurality of delayed markers in response to frequency related amplitude characteristics being present in said audio, said characteristics determined by the relationship of different frequency energies in response to the outputs of a plurality of filters which are responsive to said second signal,
• c) in response to corresponding pairs of said first plurality of delayed markers of a) and said second plurality of delayed markers of b), finding the relative timing of said first signal and said second signal,
• d) wherein each of said electronic circuitry of elements a), b) and c) comprises analog and/or digital hardware.

In a television system having a first signal comprised of digital data carrying a television image, a second signal comprised of single or multi-channel audio digital data associated with the television image, which second signal may be carried by or with the first signal or separately, the television system including one or more repeating markers responsive to the second signal and associated in time with the television image of the first signal, an apparatus for determining the relative timing of the television image and the associated audio at a time after the first signal and the second signal have experienced respective delays, said apparatus comprising;

• a) first delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to a first signal in digital form and which has been delayed and in response to a plurality of markers associated with a television image carried by said first signal, providing a corresponding first plurality of delayed markers,
• b) delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to a second signal which has been delayed, said second signal carrying audio in digital form which audio is associated with said television image, said delayed marker generator circuitry generating a second plurality of delayed markers in response to frequency related amplitude characteristics being present in said audio, said characteristics responsive to the relationships of energies at the output of at least a first filter having a first frequency response characteristic and a second filter having a second frequency response characteristic wherein said first and said second filter are responsive to said audio signal,
• c) in response to corresponding pairs of said first plurality of delayed markers of a) and said second plurality of delayed markers of b), finding the relative timing of said first signal and said second signal,
• d) wherein each of said electronic circuitry of elements a), b) and c) comprises analog and/or digital hardware.

In a television system having a first signal comprised of digital data carrying a television image, a second signal comprised of single or multi-channel audio digital data associated with the television image, which second signal may be carried by or with the first signal or separately, the television system including one or more repeating markers responsive to the second signal and associated in time with the television image of the first signal, an apparatus for determining the relative timing of the television image and the associated audio at a time after the first signal and the second signal have experienced respective delays, said apparatus comprising;

• a) first delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to a first signal in digital form and which has been delayed and in response to a plurality of markers associated with a television image carried by said first signal, providing a corresponding first plurality of delayed markers,
• b) delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to a second signal which has been delayed, said second signal carrying audio in digital form which audio is associated with said television image, said delayed marker generator circuitry generating a second plurality of delayed markers, said characteristics determined in response to the relationship of the outputs of a plurality of filters responsive to different frequency energies of audio of said second signal,
• c) in response to corresponding pairs of said first plurality of delayed markers of a) and said second plurality of delayed markers of b), finding the relative timing of said first signal and said second signal,
• d) wherein each of said electronic circuitry of elements a), b) and c) comprises analog and/or digital hardware.

In a television system having a first signal comprised of digital data carrying a television image, a second signal comprised of single or multi-channel audio digital data associated with the television image, which second signal may be carried by or with the first signal or separately, the television system including one or more repeating markers responsive to the second signal and associated in time with the television image of the first signal, an apparatus for determining the relative timing of the television image and the associated audio at a time after the first signal and the second signal have experienced respective delays, said apparatus comprising;

• a) first delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to a first signal in digital form and which has been delayed and in response to a plurality of markers associated with a television image carried by said first signal, providing a corresponding first plurality of delayed markers,
• b) delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to a second signal which has been delayed, said second signal carrying audio in digital form which audio is associated with said television image, said delayed marker generator circuitry generating a second plurality of delayed markers in response to frequency related amplitude characteristics being present in said audio, said characteristics determined in response to filtered positive and negative half cycles of said audio of said second signal which are coupled to a comparator and compared to at least one threshold, the output of which comparator is responsive to said audio of said second signal having energy at known levels and frequencies,
• c) in response to corresponding pairs of said first plurality of delayed markers of a) and said second plurality of delayed markers of b), finding the relative timing of said first signal and said second signal,
• d) wherein each of said electronic circuitry of elements a), b) and c) comprises analog and/or digital hardware.

In a television system having a first signal comprised of digital data carrying a television image, a second signal comprised of single or multi-channel audio digital data associated with the television image, which second signal may be carried by or with the first signal or separately, the television system including one or more repeating markers responsive to the second signal and associated in time with the television image of the first signal, an apparatus for determining the relative timing of the television image and the associated audio at a time after the first signal and the second signal have experienced respective delays, said apparatus comprising;

• a) first delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to a first signal in digital form and which has been delayed and in response to a plurality of markers associated with a television image carried by said first signal, providing a corresponding first plurality of delayed markers,
• b) delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to a second signal which has been delayed, said second signal carrying audio in digital form which audio is associated with said television image, said delayed marker generator circuitry generating a second plurality of delayed markers in response to frequency related amplitude characteristics being present in said audio, wherein said electronic delayed marker generator circuitry includes a plurality of filters each providing an output responsive to frequency energy present in said audio of said second signal with said frequency energy outputs being compared to determine the relationship thereof as part of generating said plurality of delayed markers,
• c) in response to corresponding pairs of said first plurality of delayed markers of a) and said second plurality of delayed markers of b), finding the relative timing of said first signal and said second signal,
• d) wherein each of said electronic circuitry of elements a), b) and c) comprises analog and/or digital hardware.

In a television system having a first signal comprised of digital data carrying a television image, a second signal comprised of single or multi-channel audio digital data associated with the television image, which second signal may be carried by or with the first signal or separately, the television system including one or more repeating markers responsive to the second signal and associated in time with the television image of the first signal, an apparatus for determining the relative timing of the television image and the associated audio at a time after the first signal and the second signal have experienced respective delays, said apparatus comprising;

• a) first delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to a first signal in digital form and which has been delayed and in response to a plurality of markers associated with a television image carried by said first signal, providing a corresponding first plurality of delayed markers,
• b) delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to a second signal which has been delayed, said second signal carrying audio in digital form which audio is associated with said television image, said delayed marker generator circuitry generating a second plurality of delayed markers in response to frequency related amplitude characteristics determined in response to filtered positive and negative half cycles of at least one audio channel of said second signal coupled to a comparator having an output which is activated if said filtered positive and negative half cycles amplitude exceed a threshold,
• c) in response to corresponding pairs of said first plurality of delayed markers of a) and said second plurality of delayed markers of b), finding the relative timing of said first signal and said second signal,
• d) wherein each of said electronic circuitry of elements a), b) and c) comprises analog and/or digital hardware.

In a television system having a first signal comprised of digital data carrying a television image, a second signal comprised of single or multi-channel audio digital data associated with the television image, which second signal may be carried by or with the first signal or separately, the television system including one or more repeating markers responsive to the second signal and associated in time with the television image of the first signal, an apparatus for determining the relative timing of the television image and the associated audio at a time after the first signal and the second signal have experienced respective delays, said apparatus comprising;

• a) first delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to a first signal in digital form and which has been delayed and in response to a plurality of markers associated with a television image carried by said first signal, providing a corresponding first plurality of delayed markers,
• b) delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to a second signal which has been delayed, said second signal carrying audio in digital form which audio is associated with said television image, said delayed marker generator circuitry generating a second plurality of delayed markers in response to frequency related amplitude characteristics being present in said audio, wherein in said delayed marker generator circuitry a combiner circuit combines a plurality of audio channels of said second signal, a plurality of filter circuits, each having different frequency response characteristics, is responsive to the output of said combiner circuit, wherein each of said plurality of filter circuits provides a filtered version of said combined plurality of channels with each said filtered version corresponding to the energy present at the combiner output which is passed by the corresponding filter circuit with the relationship of each said filtered version being utilized to provide said second plurality of delayed markers,
• c) in response to corresponding pairs of said first plurality of delayed markers of a) and said second plurality of delayed markers of b), finding the relative timing of said first signal and said second signal,
• d) wherein each of said electronic circuitry of elements a), b) and c) comprises analog and/or digital hardware.

In a television system having a first signal comprised of digital data carrying a television image, a second signal comprised of single or multi-channel audio digital data associated with the television image, which second signal may be carried by or with the first signal or separately, the television system including one or more repeating markers responsive to the second signal and associated in time with the television image of the first signal, an apparatus for determining the relative timing of the television image and the associated audio at a time after the first signal and the second signal have experienced respective delays, said apparatus comprising;

• a) first delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to a first signal in digital form and which has been delayed and in response to a plurality of markers associated with a television image carried by said first signal, providing a corresponding first plurality of delayed markers,
• b) delayed marker generator circuitry responsive to a second signal which has been delayed, said second signal carrying audio in digital form which audio is associated with said television image, said delayed marker generator circuitry generating a second plurality of delayed markers in response to filtered signal positive and negative half cycle amplitudes of said second signal being greater than a threshold indicating frequency related amplitude characteristics being present in said audio,
• c) in response to corresponding pairs of said first plurality of delayed markers of a) and said second plurality of delayed markers of b), finding the relative timing of said first signal and said second signal,
• d) wherein each of said electronic circuitry of elements a), b) and c) comprises analog and/or digital hardware.