Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising:

• a laminated body, and
• a hole transporting layer formed on the laminated body,
• wherein
• the laminated body comprises:
• a support,
• an electron transporting layer having a thickness of d1 [μm], formed on the support, and
• a charge generating layer having a thickness of d2 [μm], formed on the electron transporting layer,
• wherein the electron transporting layer comprises a polymer obtained by polymerizing a composition comprising:
• an electron transporting substance having a polymerizable functional group,
• a crosslinking agent, and
• a thermoplastic resin having a polymerizable funcational group,
• wherein the polymerizable functional group is a hydroxy group, a thiol group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, or a methoxy group,
• wherein the content of the electron transporting substance in the composition is 30% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the composition, and
• wherein
• the laminated body satisfies the following expressions (2) and (4):
• |Vl2−Vl1|≦0.35 (2),
• and
• 0.10≦|(Vd2−Vl3)/Vd2|≦0.20 (4),
• where, in the expressions (2) and (4),
• Vl1 represents a potential of a surface of the charge generating layer when
• charging the surface of the charge generating layer so that the surface has a potential of Vd1 [V] represented by the following expression (1):
• Vd1=−50×(d1+d2) (1),
• and
• irradiating the surface of the charge generating layer having a potential of Vd1 with a light, followed by an interval of 0.18 seconds after the irradiation,
• wherein the intensity of the light is adjusted so that the potential of the surface decays by 20% with respect to Vd1 [V] when irradiating the surface of the charge generation layer, followed by an interval of 0.20 seconds after the irradiation,
• Vl2 represents a potential of a surface of the charge generating layer when
• charging the surface of the charge generating layer so that a potential of the surface is the Vd1 [V], and
• irradiating the surface of the charge generating layer having a potential of Vd1 with the light, followed by an interval of 0.22 seconds after the irradiation, and
• Vl3 represents a potential of a surface of the charge generating layer when
• charging the surface of the charge generating layer so that the surface has a potential of Vd2 [V] represented by the following expression (3):
• Vd2=−30×(d1+d2) (3),
• and
• irradiating the surface of the charge generating layer having a potential of Vd2 with the light, followed by an interval of 0.20 seconds after the irradiation.