# US 9,039,790 B2 · Hydroprocessing of fats, oils, and waxes to produce low carbon footprint distillate fuels

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- Number: US 9,039,790 B2
- Document ID: US9039790B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 12/969,404
- Filed: 2010-12-15
- Published: 2012-06-21
- Granted: 2015-05-26
- Earliest claimed: 2010-12-15
- Assignees: Uop LLC
- Applicants: Tom N. Kalnes
- Inventors: Tom N. Kalnes
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9039790B2

## CPC

- C10L 1/00: Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10G 3/42: {Catalytic treatment}
- C10G 3/50: {in the presence of hydrogen, hydrogen donors or hydrogen generating compounds}
- C10G 47/00: Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions (C10G15/00 takes precedence; destructive hydrogenation of non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials C10G1/06)
- C10G 2300/1014: of vegetal origin
- C10G 2300/1022: Fischer-Tropsch products
- C10G 2300/4081: Recycling aspects
- C10L 2200/0476: Biodiesel, i.e. defined lower alkyl esters of fatty acids first generation biodiesel
- Y02E 50/10: Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
- Y02P 30/00: Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P 30/20: using bio-feedstock
- Y02T 50/678: Aviation using fuels of non-fossil origin
- C10L: FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10G: CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION (cracking to hydrogen or synthesis gas C01B; cracking or pyrolysis of hydrocarbon gases to individual hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof of definite or specified constitution C07C; cracking to cokes C10B); RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02P: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION

## Abstract

Methods for making a fuel composition comprising contacting one or more components of a hydroprocessing feedstock, for example both a fatty acid- or triglyceride-containing component and a paraffin-rich component, with hydrogen under catalytic hydroprocessing conditions are disclosed. The methods are effective to upgrade the component(s) and provide a hydroprocessed biofuel. A representative method utilizes a single-stage process in which hydrogen-containing recycle gas is circulated through both a hydrodeoxygenation zone and a hydrocracking zone in series.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for making a fuel composition, the method comprising:
contacting a fatty acid- or triglyceride-containing component and a paraffin-rich component with hydrogen under catalytic hydroprocessing conditions to provide a hydroprocessed biofuel product, wherein the paraffin-rich component is derived from biomass by a combination of gasification and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis;
fractionating the hydroprocessed biofuel product of the contacting of the fatty acid or triglyceride-containing component and the paraffin-rich component with hydrogen, wherein fractionating comprises feeding a hydrogen-containing stripping gas into a hot high pressure separator to selectively separate the hydroprocessed biofuel product into an overhead portion exiting the hot high pressure separator;
further fractionating the overhead portion comprising the hydroprocessed biofuel product to recover lower boiling hydrocarbons comprising C4− hydrocarbons and generating, from at least a portion of the C4− hydrocarbons, at least a portion of the hydrogen for contacting with the fatty acid- or triglyceride-containing component and the paraffin-rich component; and
wherein the hydroprocessed biofuel product comprises a hydroprocessed aviation biofuel comprising less than about 10% of the C16 hydrocarbons entering the separator as an effluent from a hydroprocessing reactor.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the paraffin-rich component comprises olefinic hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the biomass is selected from the group consisting of hardwood, softwood, hardwood bark, softwood bark, corn fiber, corn stover, sugar cane bagasse, switchgrass, miscanthus, algae, waste paper, construction waste, demolition waste, municipal waste, and mixtures thereof.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the fatty acid or triglyceride-containing component is obtained from an animal fat, a plant-derived oil, or a combination thereof.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the fatty acid or triglyceride-containing component comprises from about 5% to about 25% of oxygen by weight.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the contacting with hydrogen under catalytic hydroprocessing conditions results in both hydrotreating and hydrocracking reactions.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising catalytically reforming at least the portion of the C4− hydrocarbons in the presence of steam to generate at least the portion of the hydrogen for contacting with the fatty acid- or triglyceride-containing component and the paraffin-rich component.