# US 9,038,578 B2 · Unit for simulating the pressure and temperature conditions of the air drawn in by a reciprocating internal combustion engine > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 9,038,578 B2 - Document ID: US9038578B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 13/982,487 - Filed: 2012-01-10 - Published: 2013-11-21 - Granted: 2015-05-26 - Earliest claimed: 2011-01-31 - Assignees: Universidad Politecnica de Valencia - Applicants: Francisco Payri González; José María Desantes Fernández; José Galindo Lucas; José Ramón Serrano Cruz - Inventors: Francisco Payri González; José María Desantes Fernández; José Galindo Lucas; José Ramón Serrano Cruz - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9038578B2 ## CPC - F02M 35/10242: {Devices or means connected to or integrated into air intakes; Air intakes combined with other engine or vehicle parts (filters F02M35/02; silencers F02M35/12 and F02M35/14; air coolers F02B29/04; heaters F02M31/00; air storage tanks F02B21/00; compressors F02B33/00; sensors F02M35/10373)} - G01M 15/02: Details or accessories of testing apparatus - Y02T 10/12: Improving ICE efficiencies - Y10T 137/0379: By fluid pressure - Y10T 137/6416: With heating or cooling of the system - Y10T 137/86002: Fluid pressure responsive - F02M: SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF - G01M: TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR - Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION - Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION ## Abstract The invention relates to a unit for simulating the pressure and temperature conditions of an air flow drawn in by a reciprocating internal combustion engine (1) at a height above sea level, corresponding to the operating height of said reciprocating internal combustion engine (1). According to the invention, the unit comprises at least: (a) a radial inward-flow turbine (2) for expanding an air flow towards the pressure and temperature of the air drawn in by the reciprocating internal combustion engine; (b) a first container (4) and (c) a second container (5) connected to the first container (4) by means of at least a connection pipe (7) in order to balance the pressure between the two containers; (d) a centrifugal compressor (3); and (e) a vacuum pump (6) for maintaining a pressure equal to the pressure of the air flow drawn in by the reciprocating internal combustion engine (1). The invention also relates to the use of said unit for simulating the pressure and temperature conditions of the air drawn in by a reciprocating internal combustion engine. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A unit for simulating the pressure and temperature conditions of an airflow drawn in by a reciprocating internal combustion engine at a height above sea level corresponding to the operating height of said reciprocating internal combustion engine, where said unit comprises at least the following equipment: (a) a radial inward-flow turbine for expanding an airflow from an initial state of pressure p0 and temperature T0 to a second state of pressure p1 and temperature T1, where p0 and T0 correspond to the pressure and temperature of the atmosphere A1 in which the reciprocating internal combustion engine is located and where p1 and T1 correspond to the pressure and temperature of the airflow drawn in by the reciprocating internal combustion engine; (b) a first container located after the radial inward-flow turbine and at the inlet of the reciprocating internal combustion engine for providing said airflow thereto at a pressure p1 and a temperature T1; (c) a second container located at the outlet of the reciprocating internal combustion engine and connected to the first container through at least a connection pipe in order to balance the pressure between both containers; (d) a centrifugal compressor attached by its shaft to the radial inward-flow turbine, the assembly forming a system known as a turbine generator; (e) a vacuum pump located after the second container for maintaining a pressure equal to the pressure of the airflow drawn in by the reciprocating internal combustion engine. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The unit according to claim 1, where the first container is connected to the reciprocating internal combustion engine through an intake duct having a section equal to that of the first container and where the second container is connected to the reciprocating internal combustion engine through an exhaust pipe having a section equal to that of the second container. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The unit according to claim 1, further comprising: (a) at least a particle filter before the vacuum pump (b) at least a heat exchanger located before the vacuum pump, said heat exchanger preferably consisting of an air-water heat exchanger additionally comprising at least a condensate drainage system, (c) at least a control valve for controlling the pressure p1 in the first container, (d) at least a back pressure valve located after the centrifugal compressor, (e) at least a temperature conditioning system located before the radial inward-flow turbine, where said temperature conditioning system is capable of changing the temperature of the atmosphere A1 around ±10° C. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The unit according to claim 3, further comprising at least a second heat exchanger located before the radial inward-flow turbine and being connected to the centrifugal compressor for heating the airflow at the inlet of the radial inward-flow turbine with the airflow at the outlet of the centrifugal compressor. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The unit according to claim 4, further comprising at least a valve for bypassing the second heat exchanger. ### Claim 6 (depends on 3) The unit according to claim 3, wherein the centrifugal compressor is located at the outlet of the second container before the inlet of the vacuum pump. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The unit according to claim 6, further comprising (a) a third heat exchanger cooling the exhaust gases of the reciprocating internal combustion engine to the temperature of the atmosphere A1 before they enter the centrifugal compressor, (b) a flow diode or check valve located before the centrifugal compressor. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The unit according to claim 7, further comprising at least a second radial inward-flow turbine and at least a second centrifugal compressor operating in series with the radial inward-flow turbine and the centrifugal compressor. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The unit according to claim 8, where said second radial inward-flow turbine and said second centrifugal compressor have a size smaller than that of the radial inward-flow turbine and that of the centrifugal compressor. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The unit according to claim 8, where the second radial inward-flow turbine further comprises at least a wastegate. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The unit according to claim 10, further comprising at least a heat exchanger located in a position downstream of the centrifugal compressor, but upstream of the second centrifugal compressor and of the particle filter. ### Claim 12 (depends on 3) The unit according to claim 3, further comprising at least a chiller and/or dehumidifier for cooling the airflow coming from the centrifugal compressor before entering the radial inward-flow turbine. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The unit according to claim 12, further comprising two three-way valves which are responsible for disconnecting the discharge of the centrifugal compressor from the draw of the radial inward-flow turbine. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The unit according to claim 13, further comprising at least a second chiller or dehumidifier for cooling the air coming from the second centrifugal compressor before entering the second radial inward-flow turbine. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) Use of a unit according to claim 14 for simulating the pressure and temperature conditions of an airflow drawn in by a reciprocating internal combustion engine at a height above sea level corresponding to the operating height of said reciprocating internal combustion engine. ### Claim 16 A method for simulating the pressure and temperature conditions of an airflow drawn in by a reciprocating internal combustion engine at a height above sea level corresponding to the operating height of said reciprocating engine, where said method is characterized in that it comprises the following steps: (a) expanding an airflow from an initial state of pressure p0 and temperature T0 to a second state of pressure p1 and temperature T1 in a radial inward-flow turbine connected to a centrifugal compressor forming an assembly known as a turbine generator, where p0 and T0 correspond to the pressure and temperature of the atmosphere A1 in which the reciprocating internal combustion engine is located and where p1 and T1 correspond to the pressure and temperature of the airflow drawn in by the reciprocating internal combustion engine; (b) sending said airflow at a pressure p1 and a temperature T1 to at least a first container from where the airflow is drawn in by the reciprocating internal combustion engine; (c) discharging the exhaust gases of the reciprocating internal combustion engine into at least a second container, from where a flow of said exhaust gases is suctioned by means of a vacuum pump for maintaining a pressure p2 equal to the pressure of the airflow drawn in by the reciprocating internal combustion engine, (d) discharging an airflow coming from the centrifugal compressor into the atmosphere A1 through a back pressure valve. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The method according to claim 16, further comprising the following steps: (a) controlling the pressure in the first container and in the second container, by means of using at least a control valve and by means of using a variable-frequency drive of the electric motor driving the vacuum pump, (b) controlling the temperature T1 in the first container by means of using at least a temperature conditioning system, (c) the exhaust gases suctioned by the vacuum pump are previously cooled in at least a heat exchanger and where the particles of said exhaust gases are retained in at least a particle filter. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The method according to claim 17, further comprising heating the airflow at the inlet of the radial inward-flow turbine with the airflow coming from the outlet of the centrifugal compressor by means of using at least a second heat exchanger. ### Claim 19 (depends on 16) The method according to claim 16, further comprising (a) increasing the pressure of the exhaust gases coming from the second container by means of using at least a centrifugal compressor and before they enter the vacuum pump, (b) cooling the temperature of the combustion gases coming from the second container before they enter the centrifugal compressor by means of using a third heat exchanger, (c) cooling the exhaust gases at the outlet of the centrifugal compressor before they enter the vacuum pump by means of using at least a heat exchanger, (d) controlling the pressure at the outlet of the centrifugal compressor by means of using at least a flow diode or check valve. ### Claim 20 (depends on 16) The method according to claim 16, further comprising at least a second radial inward-flow turbine and at least a second centrifugal compressor operating in series with respect to the radial inward-flow turbine and the centrifugal compressor. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The method according to claim 20, wherein (a) it additionally comprises controlling the pressure p1 in the first container by means of bypassing the airflow fed to the second radial inward-flow turbine through at least a wastegate, as well as by means of using at least a temperature conditioning system, (b) the vacuum pump operates in parallel with respect to the second centrifugal compressor, (c) and comprises cooling the exhaust gases in at least a heat exchanger before they enter the vacuum pump and/or the second centrifugal compressor. ### Claim 22 (depends on 16) The method according to claim 16, where the air compressed by the centrifugal compressor is sent to the radial inward-flow turbine through a chiller and/or dehumidifier. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The method according to claim 22, further comprising expanding the airflow in a radial inward-flow turbine and in a second radial inward-flow turbine after having been previously compressed in the centrifugal compressor and in the second centrifugal compressor, and cooled between the compression steps in the chiller and/or dehumidifier and in the second chiller and/or dehumidifier.