Method and devices for sonicating liquids with low-frequency high energy ultrasound

A device for sonicating liquids with low-frequency high-energy ultrasound comprising a low-frequency high-energy ultrasound system comprising at least one sonotrode which projects into a reactor vessel through which the liquid passes via at least one inlet orifice and at least one outlet orifice, wherein the inlet orifice is arranged in such a manner that the liquid impinges directly on the oscillation-transducing sonotrode surface and is configured in such a manner that, in a first region adjacent to the oscillation-transducing sonotrode surface, a pressure above a pressure/amplitude characteristic line prevails, at which cavitation is reduced compared to the pressure/amplitude combination below the pressure-amplitude characteristic line, or no cavitation occurs;

• wherein the device is configured to
• generate, in a first region adjacent to the oscillation-transducing sonotrode surface within the reactor vessel, a pressure resulting in a pressure/amplitude combination above a pressure-amplitude characteristic line, and
• maintain, in a second region adjacent to the first region in the reactor vessel, a pressure resulting in a pressure/amplitude combination below the pressure-amplitude characteristic line, wherein for the pressure/amplitude combination above the pressure-amplitude characteristic line, cavitation is reduced compared to the pressure/amplitude combination below the pressure-amplitude characteristic line, or no cavitation occurs;
• a cone is provided in the reactor vessel, the cone tapering at an acute angle in the direction toward the oscillation-transducing sonotrode surface, at an angle between 5 degrees and 30 degrees;
• wherein along a distance from the sonotrode surface in the direction of flow of the liquid, the vibration amplitude of the ultrasound injection is increased by changing a cross-sectional surface of the reactor vessel.

A device for sonicating liquids with low-frequency high-energy ultrasound comprising a low-frequency high-energy ultrasound system comprising at least one sonotrode which projects into a reactor vessel through which the liquid passes via at least one inlet orifice and at least one outlet orifice, wherein the effective cross-sectional surface of the reactor vessel is configured continuously decreasing, at least in sections, at a distance from the sonotrode surface, and is configured in such a manner that, in a first region adjacent to a surface of sonotrode, a pressure above a pressure/amplitude characteristic line prevails, cavitation is reduced compared to the pressure/amplitude combination below the pressure-amplitude characteristic line, or no cavitation occurs;

• wherein the device is configured to
• generate, in a first region adjacent to the sonotrode surface within the reactor vessel, a pressure resulting in a pressure/amplitude combination above the pressure-amplitude characteristic line, and
• maintain, in a second region adjacent to the first region in the reactor vessel, a pressure resulting in a pressure/amplitude combination below the pressure-amplitude characteristic line, wherein for the pressure/amplitude combination above the pressure-amplitude characteristic line, cavitation is reduced compared to the pressure/amplitude combination below the pressure-amplitude characteristic line, or no cavitation occurs, and
• the reactor vessel is configured to hold the liquid;
• a cone is provided in the reactor vessel, the cone tapering at an acute angle in the direction toward the oscillation-transducing sonotrode surface, at an angle between 5 degrees and 30 degrees;
• wherein along a distance from the sonotrode surface in the direction of flow of the liquid, the vibration amplitude of the ultrasound injection is increased by changing the cross-sectional surface of the reactor vessel.