# US 9,002,195 B2 · Solution for hitless protection in high-speed OTN framer and front-end

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- Number: US 9,002,195 B2
- Document ID: US9002195B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 13/628,572
- Filed: 2012-09-27
- Published: 2013-07-04
- Granted: 2015-04-07
- Earliest claimed: 2011-09-29
- Assignees: NEC Laboratories America, Inc.
- Applicants: NEC Laboratories America, Inc.
- Inventors: Junqiang Hu; Philip Nan Ji; Ting Wang; Yoshiaki Aono
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9002195B2

## CPC

- H04B 10/038: using bypasses
- H04B 10/032: using working and protection systems {(H04J14/0287 takes precedence)}
- H04B: TRANSMISSION

## Abstract

In an optical communication system containing a primary line and backup line card, a method includes providing interfaces for the primary and backup line card, each line card including a transmitter and receiver; and selecting output from the transmitter from either the primary or back up line card including selecting the backup line card when the primary line card encounters a failure.

## Claims

### Claim 1

In an optical communication system containing a primary line card and backup line card, a method comprising the steps of:
providing interfaces for said primary line card and backup line card, each line card including a transmitter and receiver; and
selecting output from said transmitter from either said primary or back up line card including selecting said backup line card when said primary line card encounters a failure;
using a frame alignment signal (FAS) for frame aligning by using a FAS starting point detected by the primary line card as a reference and using a plurality of FAS checking elements each detecting different offset with one bit difference between each; and
logically naming checking elements E-nto En, n being a bit skew tolerance, and E0 represents a primary element that detects signals starting from time t0+LF*tb, where LF is a number of bits in each frame and tb is the period of a single bit, Ei(iε[−n,n]) checks for the FAS from time t0+(LF+i)*tb;
wherein said interfaces are synchronous, frame based and comprise a start sequence for each frame, said receiver having a primary frame start detecting module and other frame start detecting modules to work in parallel when said receiver enters a normal working mode, said receiver switching to a point of a frame start detected by another module if said primary start detecting module encounters a frame start loss.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein a receiver state enters a pseudo-sync state responsive to said primary start detecting module losing synchronization while another frame-start detection module detects a new frame start and decodes the frame based on a newly detected frame start point.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein if said primary start detecting module detects a frame alignment signal FAS again, said receiver state may change to a sync state again and use a primary detector as reference.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein when a receiver enters a pseudo-sync state responsive to a detected signal loss, a receiver phase lock loop PLL keeps its frequency offset constant and continues adjustment again when said signal is recovered and decoding is done using a module that detects a frame start as a reference.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4, wherein said pseudo-sync state changes to said sync state if one of said receivers continuously detects a frame start from a new detector module.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The method of claim 5, wherein a predefined threshold value is used to decide when to switch from said pseudo-sync state to said sync state.

### Claim 7 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4, wherein one of said receivers repeatedly searches for said frame start from all elements if no frame start is found in said pseudo-sync state.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The method of claim 7, wherein a timer is started for a time to exit said pseudo-sync state responsive to no frame start detection.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein a transmitter side contains tunable delay lines for each output from said transmitter for aligning a signal phase, said receiver adjusting a received frame starting point when switching to said backup line card if bit skew is encountered.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, wherein a phase alignment module uses a phase comparator to check phase difference between outputs from said primary and backup line cards.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, wherein a phase is aligned by connecting to an oscilloscope using any sequence and trigger signal to align eyes of two outputs.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein a sync signal is generated by said optical communication system or one of the primary and backup line cards, said sync signal being received by both said primary and back line cards in one of said transmitters for enabling starting of a frame and further minimizing bit skew between said primary and backup line cards.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The method of claim 12, wherein said sync signal is synchronized to a reference clock used by said primary and backup line cards for signal transmission.

### Claim 14 (depends on 12)

The method of claim 12, wherein one of said transmitters is without a tunable delay line.