Nanoparticles with grafted organic molecules

A method of producing substantially non-agglomerated, grafted Group IV nanoparticles, comprising:

• synthesizing substantially nonagglomerated Group IV nanoparticles;
• receiving the substantially nonagglomerated Group IV nanoparticles in a gas phase wherein the nanoparticles are suspended in the gas phase;
• creating a plasma or an afterglow of a plasma to immerse the nonagglomerated nanoparticles and thereby causing the nonagglomerated nanoparticles to become negatively charged;
• providing organic molecules to the nanoparticles;
• and
• allowing the organic molecules to break down and/or become activated in the plasma or in the afterglow of the plasma and bond with the nanoparticles thereby forming organic passivation layers comprising carbon hydrogen bonds on the nanoparticles, wherein the passivation layers are bonded to the nanoparticles while in the plasma or in the afterglow of the plasma.