Apparatus and method for medication delivery using single input-single output (SISO) model predictive control

An apparatus comprising:

• at least one interface configured to receive measurements from a sensor associated with a patient;
• and
• a controller configured to control delivery of medication to the patient using a single input, single output (SISO) model predictive control technique that includes:
• predicting a characteristic of the patient using the measurements and a model associated with the patient;
• determining whether the characteristic of the patient is predicted to fall outside of a desired range;
• and
• if the characteristic of the patient is predicted to fall outside of the desired range, determining an amount of medication to deliver to the patient and automatically initiating delivery of the determined amount of medication to the patient, wherein the controller is configured to predict an effect the amount of medication will have on the characteristic of the patient based on the model and estimate the amount of medication to return the characteristic of the patient to the desired range using the predicted effect and the model;
• after delivery of at least a portion of the amount of medication to the patient, determining how closely an actual effect the amount of medication has on the characteristic of the patient tracks with the predicted effect;
• and
• in response to determining that a difference between the actual effect and the predicted effect exceeds a threshold, identifying a new model to use in predicting the characteristic of the patient,
• wherein the controller is configured to determine the amount of medication to deliver to the patient such that the amount of medication automatically delivered to the patient always satisfies one or more constraints associated with at least one of a maximum amount or a minimum amount of medication.

A non-transitory computer readable medium embodying a computer program, the computer program comprising computer readable program code for:

• receiving measurements from a sensor associated with a patient at a portable medication delivery device;
• and
• controlling delivery of medication to the patient at the portable medication delivery device using a single input, single output (SISO) model predictive control technique that includes:
• predicting a characteristic of the patient using the measurements and a model associated with the patient;
• determining whether the characteristic of the patient is predicted to fall outside of a desired range;
• and
• if the characteristic of the patient is predicted to fall outside of the desired range, determining an amount of medication to deliver to the patient and automatically delivering the determined amount of medication to the patient, wherein the computer readable program code for determining the amount of medication to deliver comprises computer readable program code for predicting an effect the amount of medication will have on the characteristic of the patient based on the model and estimating the amount of medication to return the characteristic of the patient to the desired range using the predicted effect and the model;
• after delivery of at least a portion of the amount of medication to the patient, determining how closely an actual effect the amount of medication has on the characteristic of the patient tracks with the predicted effect;
• and
• in response to determining that a difference between the actual effect and the predicted effect exceeds a threshold, identifying a new model to use in predicting the characteristic of the patient,
• wherein the amount of medication automatically delivered to the patient always satisfies one or more constraints associated with at least one of a maximum amount or a minimum amount of medication.