Multi purpose capacitive sensor

#This application is the U.S. National Phase under 35 U.S.C. §371 of International Application PCT/SE2011/000126, filed Jun. 29, 2011, designating the U.S. and published in English as WO 2012/005646, which claims priority to Swedish Patent Application No. SE1000755-7, filed Jul. 9, 2010. The disclosures of the above-described applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

#The invention relates to a multi purpose capacitive sensor which is suitable for indicating close proximity of a person to a surface along a large-size truck as well as along a medium-size painting or a pocket-size mobile phone and in which a voltage measuring device is provided with a signal ground connected to a first pole of an oscillating voltage source that has a second pole connected to a signal input of the voltage measuring device, said signal input having a first capacitance to earth and a second capacitance to said signal ground, a third capacitance being exhibited to earth by said second pole of said voltage source, and said signal ground being connected to electrically conductive means extended along said surface and exhibiting a fourth capacitance to earth.

#The Swedish Patent No. 355 719 discloses a capacitive sensor capable of sensing the immediate proximity of a person's finger to an electrical conductor extended along a wall. It represents a first step towards developing a multi purpose device which is suitable for indicating close proximity of a person to a surface along an object such as a truck or a painting. In the known sensor, a voltage measuring device is provided with a signal ground connected to a first pole of an AC power line that has a second pole connected to earth and that is connected to an input of the voltage measuring device via a voltage divider with a capacitive series link arranged between said input and earth and a shunt link arranged between said input and said signal ground. While it is obvious that the AC power line could be replaced by a battery powered oscillating voltage source and that the man skilled in the art also could improve the voltage measuring device, the connection to earth of the voltage source creates a problem. The known sensor is not sensitive unless the impedance of this connection is considerably lower than the capacitive impedance to earth presented by the object at which close proximity is to be indicated. This is easy to arrange for the entire surface of trucks only when they are parked, and a wired connection to earth limits the use of capacitive sensors for protecting paintings in museums or for providing all kinds of objects with a proximity detection obtained at a suitable reaction distance.

#The multi purpose capacitive sensor according to the invention will now be described with reference to the drawing which FIG. 1. shows a block diagram of a preferred embodiment and FIG. 2-5 show a vehicle in schematic views from the ground level.

#In FIG. 1, a block diagram shows a multi purpose capacitive sensor that is suitable for indicating close proximity of a person to a surface along a large-size truck as well as along a medium-size painting or a pocket-size mobile phone. A voltage measuring device 1 is provided with a signal ground 2 connected to a first pole 3 of an oscillating voltage source 4 that has a second pole 5 connected to earth 6 and that is connected to a signal input 7 of the voltage measuring device 1 via a voltage divider 8 with a capacitive series link 9 arranged between earth 6 and the signal input 7 and a capacitive shunt link 10 arranged between the signal ground 2 and the signal input 7. The signal ground 2 is connected to electrically conductive means extended along said surface and the oscillating voltage source 4 is connected to earth 6 via a second voltage divider 11 in which a capacitive series link 12 is arranged between earth 6 and the second pole 5. A shunt link 13 is provided by a capacitance that is exhibited between the signal ground 2 and earth 6 and that is of at least the same order of magnitude as the capacitance exhibited by the serial link 12.

#In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the repetition frequency and the voltage amplitude of the oscillation voltage source 4 can have an order of magnitude of 10 kHz and 10V, respectively. Using in known manner a microprocessor and an analog-to-digital converter to detect quite small changes in the voltage amplitude at the input 7, the voltage measuring device 1 is capable of indicating close proximity to a surface along a big truck as well as along a precious painting. The voltage divider 11 makes it possible to counteract an influence from humidity in the environment and the same goes for the voltage divider 8 where the series link 9 and the shunt link 10 are provided by one and the same electric conductor that is connected to the input 7 of the voltage measuring device 1 and presents mainly free air capacitance with respect to earth 6 and to signal ground 2, respectively.

#An electric conductor connected to the second pole 5 of the voltage source 4 and extended between said surface and earth 6 can provide the capacitive series link 12 of the second voltage divider 11. While the distance to said electrically conductive means is not critical for the electric conductor that results in the capacitive series link 12, it should for the electric conductor providing the capacitive series link 9 and the capacitive shunt link 10 be chosen with as much free air space as possible in the application. The same goes for the distance between said electric conductors, for example when said surface pertains to an artwork where the capacitive shunt link 13 is conveniently provided by an electrically conductive foil arranged below said surface and connected to the signal ground 2. The electric conductor that determines the capacitive series link 12 could be located quite close to the foil. However, it should not be close to the second conductor that determines the capacitive series link 9 and also the capacitive link 10 and that therefore is preferably located at a distance from the foil. In a battery powered embodiment for a stand-alone wall in a room where a painting is provided with a plastic back plate that has on one side said electrically conductive foil arranged behind the painting and on an opposite side facing the wall the electric conductor providing the capacitive series link 12, the capacitive sensor could work with the latter conductor simply extended along the periphery of the plate. While proximity of a person to the painting would be indicated by the voltage measuring device 1 as a decrease in voltage, the immediate proximity of a person on the other side of the wall could be indicated as an increase in voltage that should simply be ignored in this application. However, a combined use of these proximity indications makes it in a door application for the described plate embodiment of the capacitive sensor of the invention possible to tell whether people come or leave.