Battery system

A battery system comprising:

• a plurality of battery modules each of which is configured to store power, wherein each battery module is electrically connected to at least one other battery module;
• a plurality of management units configured to monitor states of the battery modules, wherein each of the management units is electrically connected to one or more of the battery modules, and wherein each management unit is configured to communicate data with at least one other management unit via a first communication protocol;
• and
• an insulator circuit electrically connected to one of the management units and configured to receive the monitoring results from the one management unit via a second communication protocol which is different from the first communication protocol.

A battery system comprising:

• a plurality of battery modules each of which is configured to store power, wherein each battery module is electrically connected to at least one other battery module;
• a plurality of measuring units configured to monitor states of the battery modules and are divided into a first group and a second group, wherein the first group includes a first plurality of measuring units, wherein the second group includes a second plurality of measuring units, wherein each management unit is electrically connected to at least one other management unit, and wherein each of the management units is electrically connected to one or more of the battery modules;
• a first sub-data collection unit configured to receive first measurement data including monitoring results from the first measurement units via a first communication protocol;
• a second sub-data collection unit configured to receive second measurement data including monitoring results from the second measurement units via the first communication protocol;
• and
• an insulator circuit configured to receive the first and second measurement data via a second communication protocol which is different from the first communication protocol.