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US 8,940,443 B2Granted
Polyvinylpyridine additives for nonaqueous electrolytes activating lithium rechargeable electrochemical cells
AssigneeGreatbatch Ltd.
InventorChi-Kyun Park
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Abstract
An electrolyte comprising an organic solvent, a lithium salt, and a polymer additive comprised of repeating vinyl units joined to one or more heterocyclic amine moieties is described. The heterocyclic amine contains five to ten ring atoms, inclusive. An electrochemical cell is also disclosed. The preferred cell comprises a negative electrode which intercalates with lithium, a positive electrode comprising an electrode active material which intercalates with lithium, and the electrolyte of the present invention activating the negative and the positive electrodes.
Claims28
An electrolyte for an electrochemical cell, the electrolyte comprising:
- a) a linear carbonate mixture of dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), wherein by volume percent, DMC is in the range of from about 5% to about 75%;
- EMC is in the range of from about 5% to about 50%;
- and DEC is in the range of from about 3% to about 45%;
- b) ethylene carbonate (EC) as a cyclic carbonate, wherein the EC is in the range of from about 10% to about 50% by volume percent;
- c) a lithium salt;
- and
- d) poly(2-vinylpyridine) at a concentration of from about 0.05 to less than 1.0 weight percent.
4 more elements
An electrochemical cell comprising:
- a) a negative electrode comprising an anode active material which intercalates with lithium;
- b) a positive electrode comprising a cathode active material which intercalates with lithium;
- c) a separator intermediate the negative and positive electrodes to thereby prevent the electrodes from direct physical contact with each other;
- and
- d) an electrolyte activating the negative and positive electrodes, the electrolyte comprising:
- i) a linear carbonate mixture of dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), wherein by volume percent, DMC is in the range of from about 5% to about 75%;
- EMC is in the range of from about 5% to about 50%;
- and DEC is in the range of from about 3% to about 45%;
- ii) ethylene carbonate (EC) as a cyclic carbonate, wherein the EC is in the range of from about 10% to about 50% by volume percent;
- iii) a lithium salt;
- and
- iv) poly(2-vinylpyridine) at a concentration of from about 0.05 to less than 1.0 weight percent.
9 more elements
A method for making an electrochemical cell, comprising the steps of:
- a) providing a negative electrode of an anode active material which intercalates with lithium;
- b) providing a positive electrode comprising a cathode active material which intercalates with the lithium;
- c) disposing a separator intermediate the negative and positive electrodes to thereby prevent the electrodes from direct physical contact with each other;
- and
- d) activating the negative and positive electrodes with a nonaqueous electrolyte comprising:
- i) a linear carbonate mixture of dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), wherein by volume percent, DMC is in the range of from about 5% to about 75%;
- EMC is in the range of from about 5% to about 50%;
- and DEC is in the range of from about 3% to about 45%;
- ii) ethylene carbonate (EC) as a cyclic carbonate, wherein the EC is in the range of from about 10% to about 50% by volume percent;
- iii) a lithium salt;
- and
- iv) poly(2-vinylpyridine) at a concentration of from about 0.05 to less than 1.0 weight percent.
9 more elements
An electrochemical cell, which comprises:
- a) a negative electrode comprised of a carbonaceous material selected from coke, graphite, acetylene black, carbon black, glassy carbon, carbon nanotubes, and meso-carbon microbeads;
- b) a positive electrode of a lithiated material selected from the group consisting of LiNiO2, LiMn2O4, LiCoO2, LiCo0.92Sn0.08O2, lithium cobalt nickel oxide and LiMPO4 (where M is one or metals from columns 4 through 13 of the Periodic Table of the Elements);
- c) a separator intermediate the negative and positive electrodes to thereby prevent the electrodes from direct physical contact with each other;
- and
- d) an activating electrolyte comprising;
- i) a linear carbonate mixture of dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), wherein by volume percent, DMC is in the range of from about 5% to about 75%;
- EMC is in the range of from about 5% to about 50%;
- and DEC is in the range of from about 3% to about 45% by volume percent;
- ii) ethylene carbonate (EC) as a cyclic carbonate, wherein the EC is in the range of from about 10% to about 50%;
- iii) a lithium salt;
- and
- iv) poly(2-vinylpyridine) at a concentration of from about 0.05 to less than 1.0 weight percent.
9 more elements
An electrolyte for an electrochemical cell, the electrolyte comprising:
- a) a linear carbonate mixture of dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), wherein by volume percent, DMC is in the range of from about 5% to about 75%;
- EMC is in the range of from about 5% to about 50%;
- and DEC is in the range of from about 3% to about 45%;
- b) ethylene carbonate (EC) as a cyclic carbonate, wherein the EC is in the range of from about 10% to about 50% by volume percent;
- c) a lithium salt;
- and
- d) poly(2-vinylpyridine) at a concentration of from about 0.05 to less than 1.0 weight percent, wherein the poly(2-vinylpyridine) is comprised of repeating vinyl units joined to one or more heterocyclic amine moieties and wherein the heterocyclic amine moieties contain from five to ten ring atoms, inclusive.
4 more elements
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.