Modulators of ATP-binding cassette transporters

A method of treating or lessening the severity of pancreatic insufficiency or male infertility in a patient, comprising the step of administering to said patient an effective amount of a compound of the formula:

• or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
• R1 is —ZAR4, wherein each ZA is independently a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C1-6 aliphatic chain wherein up to two carbon units of ZA are optionally and independently replaced by —CO—, —CS—, —CONRA—, —CONRANRA—, —CO2—, —OCO—, —NRACO2—, —O—, —NRACONRA—, —OCONRA—, —NRANRA—, —NRACO—, —S—, —SO—, —SO2—, —NRA—, —SO2NRA—, —NRASO2—, or —NRASO2NRA—,
• Each R4 is independently RA, halo, —OH, —NH2, —NO2, —CN, or —OCF3,
• Each RA is independently hydrogen, an optionally substituted aliphatic, an optionally substituted cycloaliphatic, an optionally substituted heterocycloaliphatic, an optionally substituted aryl, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl;
• Each R2 is independently —ZBR5, wherein each ZB is independently a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C1-6 aliphatic chain wherein up to two carbon units of ZB are optionally and independently replaced by —CO—, —CS—, —CONRB—, —CONRBNRB—, —CO2—, —OCO—, —NRBCO2—, —O—, —NRBCONRB—, —OCONRB—, —NRBNRB—, —NRBCO—, —S—, —SO—, —SO2—, —NRB—, —SO2NRB—, —NRBSO2—, or —NRBSO2NRB—,
• Each R5 is independently RB, halo, —OH, —NH2, —NO2, —CN, —CF3, or —OCF3,
• Each RB is independently hydrogen, an optionally substituted aliphatic, an optionally substituted cycloaliphatic, an optionally substituted heterocycloaliphatic, an optionally substituted aryl, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl,
• Or, any two adjacent R2 groups together with the atoms to which they are attached form an optionally substituted carbocycle or an optionally substituted heterocycle;
• Ring A is an optionally substituted 3-7 membered monocyclic ring having 0-3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S;
• Ring B is a group having formula Ia:
• or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
• p is 0-2,
• Each R3 and R′3 is independently —ZCR6, where each ZC is independently a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C1-6 aliphatic chain wherein up to two carbon units of ZC are optionally and independently replaced by —CO—, —CS—, —CONRC—, —CONRCNRC—, —CO2—, —OCO—, —NRCCO2—, —O—, —NRCCONRC—, —OCONRC—, —NRCNRC—, —NRCCO—, —S—, —SO—, —SO2—, —NRC—, —SO2NRC—, —NRCSO2—, or —NRCSO2NRC—,
• Each R6 is independently RC, halo, —OH, —NH2, —NO2, —CN, or —OCF3,
• Each RC is independently hydrogen, an optionally substituted aliphatic, an optionally substituted cycloaliphatic, an optionally substituted heterocycloaliphatic, an optionally substituted aryl, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl,
• Or, any two adjacent R3 groups together with the atoms to which they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocycle;
• and
• n is 1-3.