Methods and apparatus for synchronization of data frames

A method comprising:

• receiving an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal comprising a first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol;
• synchronizing a data frame based at least in part on the first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol, wherein the first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol corresponds to a first scrambled bit sequence;
• descrambling the first scrambled bit sequence with a first scrambling sequence;
• and
• decoding a first group of signaling bits from the first descrambled bit sequence, wherein the first group of signaling bits indicates whether a next symbol comprises a second orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol as an additional synchronization symbol
• determining from the first group of signaling bits whether the second orthogonal frequency division multiplexing synchronization symbol is present, and
• in response to determining that the second orthogonal frequency division multiplexing synchronization symbol is present:
• receiving the second orthogonal frequency division multiplexing synchronization symbol corresponding to a second scrambled bit sequence;
• descrambling the second scrambled bit sequence with a second scrambling sequence;
• and
• decoding a second group of signaling bits from the second descrambled bit sequence, wherein the first and second bit sequences have the same length, wherein the first scrambling sequence is generated by a pseudorandom binary sequence generator using a first initialization value, and wherein the second scrambling sequence is generated by the pseudorandom binary sequence generator using a second initialization value.

An apparatus, comprising:

• at least one hardware processor;
• and
• at least one memory including computer program code,
• the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one hardware processor, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following:
• assign a first bit sequence of a first length to a first group of signaling bits;
• generate a first scrambling sequence and scramble the first bit sequence with the first scrambling sequence;
• assign a first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol to the first scrambled bit sequence;
• and
• transmit the first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol as synchronization symbol of a data frame, wherein the first group of signaling bits indicates whether a next symbol comprises a second orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol as an additional synchronization symbol, wherein the second orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol comprises a second bit sequence scrambled by a second scrambling sequence and assigned to a second group of signaling bits, wherein the first and second bit sequences have the same length, wherein the first scrambling sequence is generated by a pseudo random binary sequence generator using a first initialization value, and wherein the second scrambling sequence is generated by the pseudorandom binary sequence generator using a second initialization value.

A non-transitory computer program product comprising a computer-readable medium bearing computer program code embodied therein for use with a computer, the computer program code comprising:

• code for assigning a first bit sequence of a first length to a first group of signaling bits;
• code for generating a first scrambling sequence and code for scrambling the first bit sequence with the first scrambling sequence;
• code for assigning a first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol to the first scrambled bit sequence;
• and
• code for transmitting the first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbols as synchronization symbol of a data frame, wherein the first group of signaling bits indicates whether a next symbol comprises a second orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol as an additional synchronization symbol, wherein the second orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol comprises a second bit sequence scrambled by a second scrambling sequence and assigned to a second group of signaling bits, wherein the first and second bit sequences have the same length, wherein the first scrambling sequence is generated by a pseudo random binary sequence generator using a first initialization value, and wherein the second scrambling sequence is generated by the pseudorandom binary sequence generator using a second initialization value.

A non-transitory computer-readable medium encoded with instructions that, when executed by a computer, perform:

• assigning a first bit sequence of a first length to a first group of signaling bits;
• generating a first scrambling sequence and scrambling the first bit sequence with the first scrambling sequence;
• assigning a first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol to the first scrambled bit sequence;
• and
• transmitting the first and second orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing symbols as synchronization symbols of a data frame, wherein the first group of signaling bits indicates whether a next symbol comprises a second orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol as an additional synchronization symbol, wherein the second orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol comprises a second bit sequence scrambled by a second scrambling sequence and assigned to a second group of signaling bits, wherein the first and second bit sequences have the same length, wherein the first scrambling sequence is generated by a pseudo random binary sequence generator using a first initialization value, and wherein the second scrambling sequence is generated by the pseudorandom binary sequence generator using a second initialization value.

An apparatus, comprising:

• at least one hardware processor;
• and
• at least one memory including computer program code,
• the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one hardware processor, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following:
• receive an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing signal comprising a first orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing symbol;
• synchronize a data frame based at least in part on the first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol, wherein the first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol corresponds to a first scrambled bit sequence;
• descramble the first scrambled bit sequence with a first scrambling sequence;
• and
• decode a first group of signaling bits from the first descrambled bit sequence, wherein the first group of signaling bits indicates whether a next symbol comprises a second orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol as an additional synchronization symbol
• determine from the first group of signaling bits whether the second orthogonal frequency division multiplexing synchronization symbol is present, and
• in response to determining that the second orthogonal frequency division multiplexing synchronization symbol is present:
• receive the second orthogonal frequency division multiplexing synchronization symbol corresponding to a second scrambled bit sequence;
• descramble the second scrambled bit sequence with a second scrambling sequence;
• and
• decode a second group of signaling bits from the second descrambled bit sequence, wherein the first and second bit sequences have the same length, wherein the first scrambling sequence is generated by a pseudorandom binary sequence generator using a first initialization value, and wherein the second scrambling sequence is generated by the pseudorandom binary sequence generator using a second initialization value.

A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium bearing computer program code embodied therein for use with a computer, the computer program code comprising:

• code for receiving an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal comprising a first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol;
• code for synchronizing a data frame based at least in part on the first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbols, wherein the first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol corresponds to a first scrambled bit sequence;
• code for descrambling the first scrambled bit sequence with a first scrambling sequence;
• and
• code for decoding a first group of signaling bits from the first descrambled bit sequence and, wherein the first group of signaling bits indicates whether a next symbol comprises a second orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol as an additional synchronization symbol
• code for determining from the first group of signaling bits whether the second orthogonal frequency division multiplexing synchronization symbol is present, and
• in response to determining that the second orthogonal frequency division multiplexing synchronization symbol is present:
• code for receiving the second orthogonal frequency division multiplexing synchronization symbol corresponding to a second scrambled bit sequence;
• code for descrambling the second scrambled bit sequence with a second scrambling sequence;
• and
• code for decoding a second group of signaling bits from the second descrambled bit sequence, wherein the first and second bit sequences have the same length, wherein the first scrambling sequence is generated by a pseudorandom binary sequence generator using a first initialization value, and wherein the second scrambling sequence is generated by the pseudorandom binary sequence generator using a second initialization value.