Image forming apparatus

An image forming apparatus comprising:

• an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a conductive substrate, a photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive substrate, and a surface protective layer that is disposed on the photosensitive layer and contains fluororesin particles and a fluorinated alkyl group-containing copolymer;
• a charging unit that charges a surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor;
• an electrostatic latent image forming unit that forms an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the charged electrophotographic photoreceptor;
• a developing unit that comprises a developer containing toner particles and zinc stearate, and develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor with the developer to form a toner image, a content of zinc stearate relative to the toner particles in the developer being from about 0.01% by weight to about 2% by weight;
• a transfer unit that transfers the toner image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor to a recording medium;
• and
• a cleaning unit that removes the developer remaining on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor,
• wherein when the electrophotographic photoreceptor is rotated 50,000 times by repeating the formation of an image having image sections and non-image sections and having an image density of 7%, and then the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), a ratio of a zinc coating to a surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is in a range of from about 50% to about 100%;
• and
• wherein:
• the surface protective layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains at least one of a guanamine compound and a melamine compound, a structure originating from a charge transporting material having an alkoxy group, and a structure originating from a charge transporting material having a hydroxyl group;
• a total content of the guanamine compound and the melamine compound relative to a total solids content of the surface protective layer excluding the fluororesin particles and the fluorinated alkyl group-containing copolymer is from about 0.1% by weight to about 5% by weight;
• and
• a content of the structure originating from a charge transporting material having an alkoxy group relative to the total solids content of the surface protective layer excluding the fluororesin particles and the fluorinated alkyl group-containing copolymer is from about 10% by weight to about 40% by weight.